In the article methods of utilization of PET. The chemical method chosen by us is one the most priority types of the processing of plastic containers (bottles - PET). Also results of some physical and mechanical tests of the modified PET

Keywords: PET, chemical modification, polyisobutylene, recycling, extrusion

The article presents abrief overview of the work in producing and studying of environment friendly nanostructured polymeric composites. Preparation technology and main applications of the nanocellulose (NanoCell) is described. Novel environment friendly hydrophobic polymer composites were developed. These compo¬sites consist of a thick layer of cellulose substrate and a thin protective layer of a biodegradable polymer. Various types of the layer composites and their applications in production of packaging materials are described. The proposed biodegradable nanocomposite coating increases strength of the natural packaging materials and serves effective barrier against water and grease. Wastes of the novel polymer materials can be utilized in two ways: by repulping and by biodegrada¬tion. Widespread usage of the proposed polymer compo¬site materials will bring about an improvement in the ecological state of the environment. Method for preparation of the reactive nanocellulose biocarrier and discussion about its biomedical and cosmetic applications are described as well.

Keywords: : nanocellulose, biocarier, biodegradable materials, nanocopmosite polymer coating, packaging materials , ecological safety

Results of research of abrasive treatment influence on process of defects formation in sapphire crystals are presented in article. On the basis of the received results recommendations about determination of properties of sapphire near-surface layers and about improvement of crystal quality are developed. Researches of influence of abrasive treatment on process of defects formation in sapphire crystals allow to choose the optimum modes of process of receiving sapphire monocrystals products.

Keywords: sapphire, abrasive treatment, defect, optimum mode, crack, near-surface layer, grinding, polishing

The author presents the method of calculation of temperature and thermoelastic fields during sapphire crystals growth by horizontal directed crystallization method. Realization of the offered technique allows to carry out the analysis of changes of the temperature and thermoelastic fields in the crystal taking into account spatial and geometrical characteristics of heaters by means of computing experiment. On the basis of the analysis we can carry out redistribution of defects in sapphire, and increasment quality of the grown crystals.

Keywords: sapphire, temperature fields, thermoelastic stresses, horizontal directed crystallization method, technique, computing experiment

The theoretical determination of the temperature in the contact area in the rolling ball and ultrasonic hardening of titanium alloys OT-4, VT6 and VT9. It is shown that as a result of deformation, and the work of the friction forces is formed of heat. At the same time the total temperature field is influenced by the geometric parameters of the items to be treated, during previous processing, the total thermal power sources and the nature of the heat exchange with the environment. A generalized solution of the maximum contact temperature at the ball rolling and ultrasonic hardening by moving sources.

Keywords: ultrasound, hardening, roll forming a ball , the contact area, a titanium alloy .

The data of experimental research of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of superfine powder of nonstoichiometric polyalkaline oxygen bronzes Mx'My''WO3 was established. Electrical conductivity of tungsten bronzes in thermocycles in 295-745K (vacuum) was studied. It will be observed that the bronzes after thermotreatment are semiconductors of n-type. Also the rise of electrical conductivity of powdery sodium, potassium bronzes in tens time was found. In their conditions the maximum value of electrical conductivity had bronze Na0.7WO3. Characteristic properties of mutual influence of nonstoichiometry of tungsten suboxides and chemical compositions, electrophysical properties of polyalkaline tungsten bronzes was established.

Keywords: electrical conductivity, polyalkaline oxide tungsten bronzes powder, thermoelectric power, nonstoichiometry, tungsten suboxide

Piezoceramics phases of (1-х)PbTiO3-xPbZrO3 is the basis of most high-performance piezoelectric materials. Electrophysical and mechanical properties of these materials can be varied over a wide range by varying the composition and by processing methods: the methods and modes of sintering conditions polarization. Topical to study the influence on the properties of PZT materials processing methods at the stages of manufacturing piezoelectric samples. In the role model of the object has been selected multicomponent system PbTiO3-PbZrO3-PbNb2/3Zn1/3O3-PbW1/2Mg1/2O3-PbSb2/3Mn1/3O3. Samples of piezoelectric elements for the study were obtained in two ways: in the first case, the sintering samples was carried out by the usual ceramic technology, and in the second by hot pressing. The grain structure was formed in both cases in the presence of the glass phase, the quantity of which decreases with increasing temperature, while in the first case, an increase in the velocity of the secondary recrystallization, and in the second of its suppression. It was found that regardless of the technology of the samples εT33/ε0, d33 and VЕ1 at high temperatures, due to the increase of grain and coercive field, which complicates the process of polarization. Maximum values εT33/ε0, d33 and VЕ1 samples prepared by hot pressing at 10 - 15% higher than if received by conventional ceramic technology.

Keywords: Piezoelectric ceramics, doping, combination, pezophase, piezomaterial

Considered hot-powder materials obtained by the joint mechano-chemical activation of chips D16 ferrotitanium powder in a medium saturated aqueous solution of boric acid with the addition of aluminum powder. The technology includes: mechanochemical activation composition; cold pressing; heating in air, and hot stamping. Investigated the mechanical properties and structure of the obtained hot-materials. Advanced technology allows to obtain a material with high values of strength and hardness.

Keywords: mechanochemical activation, milling, chips D16, ferrotitanium, hot-powder materials, agglomeration

It was found that increasing the temperature of thermochemical activation of up to 750 °C and increasing the dosage of potassium hydroxide to 2.1 g / g of activated carbon (AC) synthesis of hydrolytic lignin has a positive influence on the formation of adsorption and structural properties of the AC.

Keywords: thermochemical activation .potassium hydroxide , activated carbon, synthesis, hydrolytic lignin, formation, adsorption and structural properties

A promising direction of creation of new lubricants is their modification by nanoclusters of metals, which form in the zone of friction of the protective film, providing reduction of wear of friction pairs. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study tribological properties of lubricating compositions containing nanosized particles of lead and palladium. A lubricating composition was obtained in aqueous solution during electrolysis with a lead anode or in the presence of salts of palladium in an ultrasonic field (complex processing). Tribological studies showed that the lubricating compositions have high anti-wear and extreme pressure properties.

Keywords: nanoscale particles, friction, wear, anti-wear and antiwelding properties

Currently widely advertised and offered on the domestic and global markets: anti-wear additives to motor, gear, industrial oils. Developed a method of producing nanoclusters of copper, lead and palladium in water-alcohol environments and the possibility of realization of the effect of wearless friction when using such a lubricating composition to the rubbing steel surfaces. The studied tribological properties of metal nanoclusters in aqueous solutions of multinuclear alcohols with the use of mechanical friction machine AE-5.

Keywords: nanoscale particles, friction, wear, wearless friction

Cured linear hybrid epoxy-amine hydroxyurethane-grafted polymer are preparedby novel structure with lengthy epoxy-amine chains, pendulous hydroxyurethane units and a controlled number of cross-links. These hybrid polymers combine increased flexibility with well balanced physical-mechanical and physical-chemical properties of conventional epoxy-amine systems and may be used, for example, for manufacturing of synthetic/artificial leather and sport monolithic floorings. US Patent Application 14/296,478, filed June 05, 2014.

Keywords: linear epoxy-amine chains, hybrid hydroxyurethane-grafted polymers, synthetic nonisocyanate leather.

The effect of sodium chloride concentration on the job ORTA electrodes. It is found that the electrodes OPTA, especially in the sodium chloride concentration below 50 g/liter, three groups occur conjugate processes, oxidation of chloride ions, the solid-phase oxidation of the anode material, dissolution of the active catalytic coating. The processes of oxidation of chloride ions prevail in current densities of 0.001 - 0.032 A/cm2 at high current densities become essential processes of oxidation of the ruthenium oxide coating. The oxidation of chloride ions, especially at concentrations less than 50 g/liter can be described as occurring in a constantly evolving anode active material due to its corrosion and solid-phase oxidation.

Keywords: ruthenium oxide-titanium anode, sodium hypochlorite, polarization dependence, water disinfection, tafel dependence, oxidation of chloride ions, solid-phase oxidation of the anode material, changes in the activity of the anode material, anion ruthenate, an

Created single-stage model of silicon solar cell using PC1D v.5.9 program, designed to simulate the photovoltaic devices. In the process of simulation change the level of doping and thickness of the n + type layer of the front, as well as applied texturing the front surface. The influence of the doping level and the thickness of the n + type layer in the photovoltaic solar cell characteristics. It was determined that with the increase of the doping level and the thickness of the front n + -layer a decrease in the efficiency of solar cells. It was found that the use of texturing the front surface leads to an increase in efficiency and is associated with reduced reflection losses and an increase in the photocurrent.

Keywords: Silicon solar cell thickness, doping levels, texturing, current-voltage characteristic

In the article the results of researches of plastic properties of porous powder-like materials are presented in the heated state at tests on monaxonic tension. The feature of deformation of porous standards, that consists in their practically even narrowing on all working length with a subsequent break without visible formation of neck, is marked. Dependence of deformations of lengthening and narrowing of standards is set on their initial porosity and brand of metallic powder

Keywords: monaxonic tension, plastic property, porous powder-like material, warming, protective environment, deformation, lengthening and narrowing of standard

Currently, laser annealing are widely used to create a polycrystalline silicon film, which is promising for use in thin film solar cell, and transistors, liquid crystal displays and sensors due to recrystallization of amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon films. The study of morphology and surface conductivity of single-crystal silicon film on a glass substrate by laser annealing power. Laser annealing is carried Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm, speed of movement of the stage with a specimen of 5 mm/s and a laser power ranging from 34 to 86 watts. The laser beam was focused on the sample in the form of a narrow line width of 10 microns and 60 mm in length. The dependence of the size of the nanocrystals and the conductivity of silicon films on the power of the laser annealing radiation. It is shown that the power of the laser radiation in the range of 60 to 70 W is optimal for the best electrical parameters silicon film for the purpose of its use in high-performance thin-film solar cells.

Keywords: silicon film, laser annealing, surface morphology, electrical conductivity, thin film solar cell

A numerical model of the laser annealing TiO2 film on the TCO / glass substrate with radiation of a wavelength of 1064nm (Nd: YAG laser) to the crystallization and its use in solar cells perovskite. The modeling used a numerical finite difference method for solving a system of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction differential equations. As a result, laser annealing temperature distribution obtained in the process of modeling the structure of TiO2 / TCO / glass substrate by varying the laser power. It is shown that a high laser power (30-100 watts) is enough for an effective transition organometallic precursor of TiO2 in the crystalline phase of anatase TiO2 (transition temperature of 400-600 °C) for a short period of time (60 sec.) due to the direct absorption of photons laser radiation. It is found that for experimental studies should be used laser power of 30-70 watts, since a higher power (e.g., 100 W) raises the temperature of the substrate above its melting point (for example, for glass 650 ° C).

Keywords: Numerical modeling, laser annealing, TiO2 film, heat equation, solar cell

The author describes the technological schemes of films formation on sapphire surface for gas-sensitive sensors with use of laser radiation with wavelength of 1064 nm. It is defined that laser radiation allows to increase productivity at gas-sensitive elements reception, to modify crystal and defective structure of materials, to increase quality of oxide film, reproducibility of film parameters and their stability.

Keywords: sapphire, film, gas-sensitive sensor, laser radiation sensitive element, technological scheme, semiconductor materials

The article presents abrief overview of the work in producing and studying of environment friendly nanostructured polymeric composites. Preparation technology and main applications of the nanocellulose (NanoCell) is described. Novel environment friendly hydrophobic polymer composites were developed. These compo¬sites consist of a thick layer of cellulose substrate and a thin protective layer of a biodegradable polymer. Various types of the layer composites and their applications in production of packaging materials are described. The proposed biodegradable nanocomposite coating increases strength of the natural packaging materials and serves effective barrier against water and grease. Wastes of the novel polymer materials can be utilized in two ways: by repulping and by biodegrada¬tion. Widespread usage of the proposed polymer compo¬site materials will bring about an improvement in the ecological state of the environment. Method for preparation of the reactive nanocellulose biocarrier and discussion about its biomedical and cosmetic applications are described as well.

Keywords: : nanocellulose, biocarier, biodegradable materials, nanocopmosite polymer coating, packaging materials , ecological safety

The powder samples of indoniobat lead relaxor ferroelectric prepared by intense mechanical action method in combination with shear have been studied. The dependences of the microstrains and mean square displacements оf the PbIn0.5Nb0.5O3 samples from the values of applied pressure have been investigated. The Integral intensities and half-width of some diffraction reflections have been determined by using X-ray diffraction method. The correlations between mechanical action and concentration and type of defects in the studied samples have been established.

Keywords: relaxor ferroelectric, point defects, dislocation, region of coherent scattering, crystallite, microstrain, mechanoactivation, indoniobat lead, shear, power affecting, X-ray diffraction

The technological scheme of sapphire and glassy dielectric PbO – B2O3 – ZnO juncture formation is suggested. The centrifugation method was used for sapphire and glassy dielectric PbO – B2O3 – ZnO juncture formation. It allows to form uniform films with thickness of units to tens of microns. Researches of the received films surface morphology were made by method of atomic force microscopy.

Keywords: sapphire, glassy dielectric, technological process.

The investigations of the crystal structure, grain structure and dielectric properties of high-temperature multiferroic Bi1-xGd xFeO3 were carried out over a wide concentration range x = 0.00-0.50.

Keywords: multiferroic crystal structure, grain structure, dielectric properties

"One of the major drawbacks of modern alloyed metal cathodes Pd-Ba is the inhomogeneous distribution of the intermetallic Pd5Ba in the matrix Pd. This fact leads to an underestimation of life and technical performance of devices of microwave electronics on the basis of the cathodes. A substantial improvement in uniformity of cathode alloys Pd-Ba should lead the operation of mechanical activation of powder Pd, carried out prior to its compression process. The paper studied the effect of mechanical activation on the particle shape, particle size distribution and dispersion of powder Pd. It is shown that mechanical activation results in a substantial reduction in the average size and average particle size of Pd powder, as well as a substantial increase of the specific surface of the particles. The optimal regimes of mechanical activation of powder of Pd with a view to its use for metallosplavnyh cathodes."

Keywords: alloyed metal cathodes Pd-Ba, mechanical activation, dispersion, particle size distribution, average particle size, surface area, the emission properties

Lanthanum strontium manganite La0,67Sr0,33MnO3 which has a high spin polarization of the carriers has been used to create composite materials with different barrier materials - GeO2, Li4P2O7, C. The magnetoresistive properties of the synthesized ceramics at room temperature have been investigated. It has been found that the magnetoresistive isotropic negative values ​​for samples with germanium oxide at room temperature in a magnetic field of 18 kOe reach a value of 15%, with the barriers of lithium pyrophosphate - 16%. It has been determined that the samples which contain 10-85% graphite at a field of 15 kOe exhibit positive magnetoresistance reaching a value of 15% .

Keywords: lanthanum strontium manganite, composite material, ceramics, magnetoresistance, X-ray diffraction, microstructure, barrier layer, tunneling, percolation transition, spin polarization, the Seebeck effect

The investigations of the crystal structure, grain structure and dielectric properties of high-temperature multiferroic Bi1-хNdxFeO3 were carried out over a wide concentration range x = 0.00-0.50.

Keywords: multiferroic crystal structure, grain structure, dielectric properties