For the first time, using modern analytical methods studied phase and impurity composition of the cathode alloys Pd-Ba, obtained by industrial technology. The concentration of harmful impurities (C, Zn, Ba, Cu) in objects of study does not exceed the standards for these materials. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray analysis confirmed the previously observed biphasic alloys Pd-Ba, from which one phase - intermetallic compound (Pd5Ba), second - palladium (matrix), wherein the intermetallic compound is very unevenly distributed in the matrix. The object of the study was first detected undesirable phase Pd2O. It is found that in the alloys of Pd-Ba grain Pd - large (about one micron), grain phase Pd5Ba - from a few hundred nanometers to one micron. All beans there is a high density of randomly distributed dislocations. Processing methods are proposed to improve the homogeneity of the alloy.

Keywords: alloyed metal cathodes, Pd-Ba, emission properties, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, impurity composition, the coefficient of secondary electron emission

For the first time, using modern analytical methods studied phase and impurity composition of the cathode alloys Pt-Ba, obtained by industrial technology. The concentration of harmful impurities (C, Zn, Ba, Cu) in objects of study does not exceed the standards for these materials. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray analysis confirmed the previously observed biphasic alloys Pt-Ba, from which one phase - intermetallic compound (Pt5Ba), second - platinum (matrix), wherein the intermetallic compound is very unevenly distributed in the matrix. It is found that in the alloys of Pt-Ba Pt grains - small (a few hundred nm) and grain Pt5Ba - large (make several microns) and more sophisticated. Inside there are grains Pt5Ba voltage. Processing methods are proposed to improve the homogeneity of the alloy.

Keywords: alloyed metal cathodes, Pt-Ba, emission properties, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, impurity composition, the coefficient of secondary electron emission

We presented theoretical studies which were related with a compositional system consisting of two regular anisotropic gradient planar structures in this article. The principal axes of tensors of the dielectric permittivity were coincided with axes of the Cartesian coordinate system when their components were generalized by the spatial distribution. We used a representation of a set of related fields for the surface waves by mixed spectrum of the regular symmetrical gradient anisotropic waveguides. We also used the system of coupled equations for the quasi-amplitude coefficients of the interacting modes, which was received in our previous work. Then we analyzed the effect of anisotropy, inhomogeneity in the transverse and longitudinal dependence of modal transformation. It was possible to trace the transformation of modes with maintaining of polarization and take into account the phase relations between the interacting modes and functions of changing of all material characteristics in connected structures and their dependence on parameters of the gradient components of the dielectric tensor in waveguide media. The possibility of effective control to the interaction between modes of the continuous spectrum due to changes in parameters and characteristics of compositional artificial medium was found out. A comparison of the losses in the casing and in the usual coupled system was done. The high reliability of all results was marked.

Keywords: connected regular anisotropic gradient structures, surface waves, parameters of the gradient components in the tensor of the dielectric permittivity, losses of directed waves

Distribution of surface waves in open nonlinear anisotropic and gradient planar compositional structures was considered. The planar waveguide structure consisted of four layers which dielectric susceptibility of the internal environment contained additive components. One of the components was depended on the module of electric field under sedate laws. Other components were represented by a tensor of dielectric permeability which main axes were coincided with axes of the Cartesian system of coordinates, then were turned on some corner of rather longitudinal coordinate of Oz, and finally were turned round the cross coordinate of Oy. Elements of a tensor of dielectric susceptibility depended on spatial coordinates under the generalized laws. From Maxwell's equations we received the wave equations for the cross working-out electric and magnetic vectors. New solutions of these quasi-differential equations which special cases could be presented by the set of known special functions were found. Cross and longitudinal components of electric and magnetic fields were found on this basis. In the end of our research we showed the possibility of practical applications of all results.

Keywords: non-linearity, non-linear optics , layered structure , surface waves , discrete spectrum , dielectric waveguides complex structure .

The method of calculating the effect of thermal stress on the dynamic characteristics of inertial microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is presented in this article. Testing was conducted on a technique of vibrating gyroscope LL type electrostatic actuator in a temperature range from -40 to 80 ° C. It is shown that the thermoelastic stresses lead to a shift in the natural oscillation frequencies and the change of amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system. Method of calculation is based on the sequential solution of differential equations of heat conduction and the generalized Hooke's law, taking into account thermal stresses. Modal analysis and construction of MEMS amplitude-frequency characteristics is performed considering prestressed calculated in the previous step.

Keywords: microelectromechanical systems, micromechanical gyroscope, thermoelastic stresses, temperature errors, numerical simulation, frequency response

Method of laser diagnostics of dynamic forms of hydraulic generator rotor is proposed. Measurement of shaft runout to determine the trajectory of the axis of rotation of the shaft. This method allows to measure the surface geometry of the fast moving rotor the hydraulic unit in real time with high precision without interfering with the structure of the generator.

Keywords: laser diagnostics, beating shaft, hydro, triangular sensor trajectory axis of rotation, the geometry of the surface of the rotor

Nowadays the rolling stock is equipped with electric drive of high power. Frequency turning regulation, motor protection from overheating and limitation of starting currents are made with the help of semiconductor elements. For reliability improvement of starting and regulating facilities it is reasonable to use low component count. Running through regulating facilities current decrease simplifies electric circuit configuration. The authors propose to use thermal resistors as main elements. In the article the authors examine construct specifications of polycrystal temperature dependent semiconducting resistances of coaxial type and their advantages. There are some theoretical propositions which describe the work of thermal resistors and also some algorithms for synthesis of coaxial type starting devices. The authors made mathematical modeling for starting devices of different types based on thermal resistors. In the article there are some graphical dependences describing starting process.

Keywords: high power thermal resistors, thermal resistors of coaxial type, current density, specific generations of heat, criteria of similarity, starting device, starting current, synthesis of starting devices

Problems for the design of low-voltage CMOS op-amps are considered: low voltage headroom for signal swings, increase the swing of input and output common-mode signal and sustainability when the feedback. Ways to implement input and output stages of low-voltage CMOS op-amps for technology 0.13 um at 1 V are investigated. The ways of frequency compensation are investigated. According to the results of modeling the best gain and the largest swing of input and output signal have continuous in time common-mode feedback circuit (CMFB) and the proposed two-stage current mirrors op-amp. These op-amps can be applied at a supply voltage ~ 1 V.

Keywords: low-voltage CMOS operational amplifiers (op-amps), the input and output swing, miller-effect frequency compensation

There is discussed an influence of n-p-n HBT scaling on its RF performance in the article. The behaviour of cut-off and maximum frequency of DUT at the transition from 0.18 um down to 0.09 um BiCMOS technology is demonstrated, its dependence from construction and technological variations of the heterojunction bipolar transistor, as well. It was shown, that the approach called "direct" scaling appeared to be inappropriate as a frequency-increase method and some constructive and technological recommendations were discussed, including Ge profile shape, impact of deep collector implantation dose and cap-layer thickness.

Keywords: silicon-germanium, SiGe HBT, BiCMOS, RF performance

An experimental study of influencing of power supply voltage on characteristics of arbiter physical uncloneable functions (PUF) is presented. Arbiter PUF was implemented with 0,18 um CMOS process of JSC «MERI and Mikron». It was found that systematic process variations negatively impact on PUF uniqueness. Reducing the power voltage to threshold voltage levels improves PUF uniqueness. Besides, precision of power supply noticeably impacts on PUF robustness.

Keywords: integrated circuit, identification, physical uncloneable function, arbiter, Arbiter PUF

A series of samples of nanocrystalline zinc oxide films was fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering under different regimes, heating up to 200-250 ° C and subsequent annealing. The effect of relative humidity in the range of 25-80% on the resistance of zinc oxide films was investigated. The character of the dependence of fabrication regimes on film resistance at different relative humidities was detected. The optimum conditions of insensitive to relative humidity zinc oxide films formation was obtained.

Keywords: nanocrystalline films, zinc oxide, magnetron sputtering, electrical resistance, relative humidity

The experimental temperature dependences of the basic MOSFET parameters (the transconductance parameter and threshold voltage) in a wide temperature range covering both cryogenic temperature and regular temperatures are considered. The methods which acceptable for engineering practice and allow to approximate the experimental temperature dependences of the basic MOSFET parameters by the simple analytical expressions in the form of linear or power functions are presented. The investigated MOSFETs was designed for work as active elements of amplifying devices. Temperature dependences of the basic MOSFET parameters are needed for estimation of the sensitivity, prediction of uptime and optimizing the choice of refrigerant for low-noise amplifiers.

Keywords: MOSFET, transconductance parameter, threshold voltage, temperature dependencies, approximation, cryogenic temperatures

The paper discussed the mechanism of formation of polycrystalline hexagonal barium ferrite. The influence of alloying elements on the location of Fe3 hexagonal block R, on the border of hexagonal and spinel blocks (RS). It is shown that the presence of weakly diamagnetic ions or dopants in these positions provides specific properties of hexagonal ferrites and their practical use.

Keywords: hexaferrite barium, dopant, magnetic properties, the mechanism of formation, anisotropy, polycrystalline, magnetization, Mossbauer spectroscopy, the coercive force, Curie temperature

The article discusses the relevance of the problem of transition to the power required services, in particular for wireless sensor biophysiological and other types of signals. As a solution to the problem given the process of collecting energy from the environment. Presents a number of electronic components, mass-produced different manufacturers to develop devices powered by energy collectors. It is shown that at present there is a high rate of development of integrated solutions for building energy collectors of various types.

Keywords: wireless sensor, energy collector, integral solution, power consumption, biophysiological signal

This article discusses aspects of the registrar accelerations and angular velocities to determine the power that develops a person while driving. Knowledge of this power with the simultaneous recording of electrocardiogram and possibly electromyogram lower limb muscles allows a comprehensive evaluation of the cardiovascular system. The use of inertial modules in modern cardiomonitors will significantly expand the diagnostic capabilities hidden ischemia in the early stages of the disease.

Keywords: inertial unit, walking, sensors, angular rate sensor, accelerometer, developed capacity, orientation of a rigid body, the quaternions

The solution of the navigation problem on the basis of integration of inertial-satellite navigation systems, complexed with odometer, in the general case - without simplifying assumptions about the object model of its trajectory, etc. The effectiveness of the solution with the loss of satellite signals is illustrated by numerical experiment.

Keywords: tight integration, inertial - satellite navigation systems, odometer, nonlinear Kalman filter, continuous-discrete filtering

Solution of the problem of navigation on the basis of integration of inertial-satellite navigation systems, complexed with odometer, and the approximation of the trajectory of motion of the object by means of electronic charts (EC) set of great circle paths. Given the discrete nature of satellite measurements of the parameters of motion estimation is carried out by successive application of two non-linear Gaussian filters: continuous - the interval between satellite measurements (including at their failure) and discrete-continuous - when they occur. Thus obtained estimates of the parameters of motion implemented in the great circle path, having a minimum dimension, provide fundamentally accurate snap estimated coordinates to the true path of movement defined by the EC.

Keywords: tight integration, inertial-satellite navigation systems, odometer, e-cards, great circle path, a Gaussian filter

The work is devoted to the synthesis of a linear acceleration sensor with two axes of sensitivity behavioral model based on the mathematical model of this device in the differential equations form using MatLab software package Simulink environment. The results of the dynamics simulation of the synthesized behavioral sensor model in the form of transient and spectral analysis of the system reaction are shown. The main idea of analysis is to study the frequency parameters and damping properties of the object. The experiment has identified high quality factor of the oscillatory system, due to small damping, it is reflected by the slow decay of transient and pronounced resonances.

Keywords: microsystem technology, microelectromechanical systems, electronic components, accelerometer, sensor, design, model, modeling, transient, spectral analysis

The work is devoted to the synthesis of a angular rate sensor behavioral model based on the mathematical model of this device in the differential equations form using MatLab software package Simulink environment. The results of the dynamics simulation of the synthesized behavioral sensor model in the form of transient and spectral analysis of the system reaction are shown. The main idea of analysis is to study the frequency parameters and damping properties of the object. The experiment has identified high quality factor of the oscillatory system, due to small damping, it is reflected by the slow decay of transient and pronounced resonances.

Keywords: microsystem technology, microelectromechanical systems, electronic components, gyroscope, electrostatics, design, model, modeling, transient, spectral analysis

A method of prognosis of gas sensitivity's coefficient of conductometric gas sensors with sensitive layer which is based on a semiconductor with deep energy levels in the fobidden zone was developed. As a result it was found out that deep energy levels can cause a significant increasing of gas sensitivity's coefficient as well as influence on the chemosorptive properties of sensitive layer.

Keywords: Сonductometric gas sensor, gas sensitivity, sensitive layer, semiconductor, deep-lying levels.

" In this paper we propose a method to control the mains voltage switching power supply high power without significant complication of the circuit device. The necessity of adjusting the reference clock frequency when changing the voltage of the inverter."

Keywords: " Switching power supply, frequency correction, control supply voltage, the duty power supply, a direct course."

The article describes the structure, detailed description of the high-voltage switch-mode regulator integrated circuit LM5001-Q1 for the automotive electronics and the basic features of its application. This integrated circuit is designed to build effective pulse DC-DC converters with different topologies of power parts (boost, flyback, forward, SEPIC). It can be used for building of power supplies for industrial, telecommunications and automotive applications. The controller has in its structure a power MOSFET, current sense circuit, peak current limit circuit, a high-voltage bias regulator, bandwidth error amplifier. The article describes all possible modes of integrated circuit, principle of the current mode control and the slope compensation of current signal. The article explains the principles of operation of the current limit circuit and thermal protection, and specifics of the organization of external synchronization.

Keywords: LM5001-Q1, integrated circuit, high-voltage switch-mode regulator, pulse DC-DC converter, pulse-width regulation

The article deal with gradiometer is designed for remote nondestructive testing of various purposes pipelines. Gradiometer sensor consists of two Hall-effect transducers three-component magnetic field placed at a distance of 1950 mm from each other. The specialized algorithm for reducing transducer’s bias error is used. The gradiometer sensor’s orientation relative to the pipe axis is determinate by the digital microelectromechanical system. The results of measuring the gradient of the magnetic field induction, module, and the coordinates of the sensor are displayed on the LCD display and saved on non-volatile storage.

Keywords: magnetometry, nondestructive testing, gradient of the magnetic field, the Hall sensor, magnetometer, gradiometer, magnetogram

In the paper the Vlasov equation solution is considered for a case of stationary, homogeneous, isotropic and weakly nonlinear magnetoactive plasma-like media by successive approximations technique. An expression for the quasi-linear conductivity is obtained, which at low magnetic field ceases to depend on the electric field. It is shown that the quasi-linear conductivity matrix is symmetric, and its elements satisfy the classical reciprocal relations. The obtained relations can be applied in the design of magnetic microelectronics devices, for example, to improve the metrological characteristics of the digital Hall magnetometer.

Keywords: reciprocal relations, nonlinearity, plasma-like media, kinetic coefficients, quasi-linear conductivity

The optimization of multilayered one-dimensional nonlinear structure of Raman amplifier of optical signals consisted of alternate active nonlinear metal layers and passive dielectric has been studied. The amplification of the reflected and passed field energy was calculated for different structure types. The effective replacement of passive layers by active media in the middle and in the end of structure has been demonstrated.

Keywords: raman scattering, amplifier, photonic crystal, nonlinear effect, photonic bandgap