Blurred frames pose a significant problem in various fields such as video surveillance, medical imaging and aerial photography, when solving the following object detection and identification, image-based disease diagnosis, as well as analyzing and processing data from drones to create maps and conduct monitoring. This article proposes a method for detecting blurred frames using a neural network model. The principle of operation of the model is to analyze images presented in the frequency domain in the Hough space. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed author's solution, a comparison was made of existing methods and algorithms that can be used to solve the problem, namely the Laplacian method and the manual sampling method. The results obtained show that the proposed method has high accuracy in detecting blurred frames and can be used in systems where high accuracy and clarity of visual data are required for decision-making.

Keywords: blurred frames, motion blur, blur, Hough transform, spectral analysis

In this paper, a new intent and entity recognition model for the subject area of air passenger service, labelled as IRERAIR-TWIN, is developed using the ‘no code’ question-answer development platform ‘TWIN’. The advantages of the no-code platform were analysed in terms of the ease of developing an application question-answer system and reducing the amount of work involved in developing an application model for a narrow subject area. The results show that the ‘TWIN’ system provides an intuitive web-based user interface and a simpler approach to develop the semantic module of a question-answer system capable of solving application problems for a narrow subject area that are not overly complex. However, this approach has limitations for deep semantic analysis tasks, especially in complex contextual inference and processing of large text fragments. The paper concludes by emphasising that future research will focus on using ChatGPT-based ‘low code’ platforms and large language models to further improve the intelligence of the IRERAIR-TWIN model. This extension aims to broaden the scope of the scenarios.

Keywords: question-answering systems, No-code, Low-code, Intent recognition, Named entity recognition, Data annotation, Feature engineering, Pre-trained model, software development,End-user development

Providing the population with comfortable housing has always been a pressing issue. However, there are very few formalized criteria for this, apart from the regulation of minimum floor areas. In this context, the article deals with the problem of evaluating the efficiency of residential space design solutions in terms of their logistical comfort. For this purpose, a method is proposed that uses the apparatus of graph theory and allows to calculate the time cost of an "idle" move for a representative of a given social group in relation to the evaluated design solution. An idle move is a user's movement between characteristic functional zones of the layout. A special matrix is used to model the links between these zones, the construction of which is similar to that of the incident matrix in undirected graphs. As an example of the applicability of the proposed approach, several variants of layouts of one-room, two-room and three-room flats are considered. The comparison of the obtained results for different types of layouts, including those that existed 15-20 years ago and modern ones, indicates a tendency to increase the logistic comfort of modern layouts.

Keywords: planning solution, logistic comfort, idling, graph theory

Authors considered the thermal inertial properties of some building envelope constructions which included the changes of internal surface layer materials. Researchers described the thermal and physical characteristics of 6 building surface layer materials. It has been determinate the radiant temperature of building envelope inside surface with changes of wall construction after 225 hours cooling process and initial temperature equal to +23 оС. Authors defined the cooling time of building envelope inside surface to 0 оС at different types of surface layer materials. Numerical experiment was done with modern program complex “Stf”. Modeling process was completed in program which was realized with finite difference method and constant heat transfer coefficient. There are new experimental results which were determinate during the research and realizing the mathematical model of non-stationary element’s cooling process. Results could be interested for researchers of thermal phenomena in building envelopes and designers of microclimate engineering systems in buildings and structures.

Keywords: air temperature, radiation temperature, stationary regime, non- stationary regime, building envelope, emergency regime, thermal inertia, inside surface layer, program, building materials

The article shows the importance of analyzing the state of strength properties of old wood during restoration work and monitoring the state of the structure. In particular, the physical and mechanical properties of wood during long-term use in an aquatic environment are analyzed. Changes in the chemical composition of wood as a result of use in the water of the Gulf of Finland are determined. Using the example of logs of the crib foundation of the Kronshlot fort, it is described how a change in the chemical composition of the material affects its strength properties.

Keywords: Mechanical properties of wood, long-term strength, chemical composition of wood, water-soluble extractive substances

Slag-alkali binder (SAB) is obtained by polymerization of granulated blast-furnace slag (aluminosilicate component) ground in a ball mill with an alkali activator, resulting in an environmentally friendly hydraulic polymer binder. Slag-alkali concrete (SAB) based on SAB has become an alternative to traditional concrete based on portland cement (PTC). Reinforcement bars in combination with SAB make it possible to obtain concrete structures with high adhesion properties to reinforcement compared to concrete based on portland cement. However, due to differences in the production process of SAB, there are obvious differences in technical properties, including adhesion characteristics. However, proper standardization is needed for its production and operational testing to limit contradictory results in the laboratory and on the construction site.

Keywords: metallurgical waste, granulated slag, crushing, chemical activation, reinforcement, adhesion, strength

The production of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is associated with significant dust emissions into the production room, so the aspiration system plays an important role in the technological process. The study of dust in industrial product waste released into the work area is one of the objectives of the ongoing research. This work provides information on the dispersed composition of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles, and various graphs are constructed based on the data obtained. Data on the deposition rate of UHMWPE particles were obtained experimentally. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with theoretical data obtained using formulas was carried out.

Keywords: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE, dispersed composition of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, sedimentation rate of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene particles, method for studying the properties of raw high molecular weight

The article analyzes the evolution of the architectural and spatial structure and recreational complex of mass housing in the largest cities of Southern Russia in relation to the socio-professional structure of the population from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present day. The research method is based on the provisions of the concept of the evolution of residential architecture based on the development of a recreational complex, developed by Professor V.M. Molchanov. The research method consists of conducting a retrospective analysis of the architectural and spatial structure and recreational complex of housing in the largest cities of Southern Russia based on the study and processing of literary sources, graphical analysis of the prevailing APS residential development in each designated period. Based on the revealed relationship, the social foundations of the formation of the architecture of mass housing in the period under review were revealed. Based on the results obtained, a forecast was made about prospective forms of organization of the architectural and spatial structure of the dwelling, taking into account current changes in professional groups of the post-industrial era, including a growing number of workers employed in the information sphere, culture and education. The conclusion is substantiated about the prospects of medium-rise urban development, which provides active recreation and professional work for a significant part of the modern urban population.

Keywords: architectural and spatial structure, urban housing, mass housing, recreation and wellness complex, social foundations of design, socio-professional structure of the population, evolution of housing

This article discusses the problem of determining the parameters of the underground structure during large-block construction. The construction of buildings from large modules is a method of building construction, which is based on the use of ready-to-assemble modules of large sizes. This construction method allows you to significantly speed up the process of building construction, reduce construction costs, and ensure a high level of quality and functionality of structures, primarily due to the fact that these structural blocks are built in factory conditions. They can be made of various materials such as concrete, steel or composite materials. These modules can include not only walls and partitions, but also floors, ceilings, electrical wiring, plumbing and other elements, which reduces the assembly time on site.

Keywords: large-block construction, construction of the underground part of a large-block structure, building structures, technologies and organization of construction production.

This article is devoted to the study of the advantages and disadvantages of the underground location of public facilities. Advantages such as: favorable acoustic conditions, stable temperature and humidity conditions, natural protection of the object from vibrations, natural noise protection of the object, aesthetic, economic and functional effects from the potential absence of a ground part, increased service life, lack of influence of weather conditions, inexhaustibility of underground resources, the possibility of improving engineering networks, independence from topographic terrain conditions. The following disadvantages are also considered: increased financial costs for construction, the presence of stereotypes regarding the psychological comfort of staying in an underground space, the lack of daylight. In conclusion, the article concludes that it is necessary to develop architectural methods and techniques to compensate for the disadvantages of the underground location of public facilities.

Keywords: architecture, underground architecture, underground space, public underground facility, architectural methods, underground urbanism, underground theater "Shanghai Culture Plaza Theater", underground ice complex "Gjovik", Ihva University campus

The stability calculation of a П-shaped hinged frame is considered. The concept of r-like frames is introduced as frames with the same ratio r of the linear stiffnesses of the transom and the strut. It is shown that the parameter vcr , which determines the critical load on the frame, is the same for r-like frames. Approximate formulas allowing to determine the critical load parameter vcr and design lengths of compressed bars with an error not exceeding 2% are obtained.

Keywords: flat frame, stability, critical force, reduced length coefficient, r-like frames, approximation, least squares method

In modern architectural design, a balance is being sought between preserving the value of ancient monuments and the need to create a modern comfortable, aesthetic, well-maintained urban environment using modern technologies, styles and methods. This contradiction makes it difficult to implement such projects to integrate historical and cultural monuments into the modern environment, which leads to a decrease in the quality of urban structures. In the article, using the example of the historically developed Gremyachaya Gora complex, which includes an element of the cultural heritage object "The Complex of Fortifications of the Roundabout City" in Pskov – the Gremyachaya Tower, the main problems preventing the implementation of various design solutions are identified, as well as modern architectural trends and techniques used when working with ancient objects located in the natural landscape are investigated. The author of the article proposes an up–to-date concept of the formation and use of the Rattlesnake Mountain complex, the basic principles of which are implemented in one of the most successful projects of recent decades on this topic - a tourist center organized on the basis of the medieval Hammershus fortress in Denmark.

Keywords: Preservation of cultural heritage, Yu.P. Spegalsky, Architecture of ancient Pskov, the Gremyachaya Gora Complex, regeneration of the urban environment of ancient settlements

The article examines current trends in the design of multifunctional residential complexes (MHCs), reflecting changes in the requirements for the urban environment and social demands. The historical stages of the evolution of the MCC are analyzed, starting with ancient civilizations and ending with modern concepts of sustainable development. Special attention is paid to such key aspects as flexibility and adaptability of spaces, environmental sustainability, integration of high technologies, as well as social and community integration. The article also highlights additional trends such as polycentricity, autonomy, regulation of the boundaries of responsibility of residential units, functional and typological intensification of courtyard spaces, the principle of openness and transparency. It is concluded that modern housing and communal services strive to create a sustainable and comfortable urban environment capable of adapting to changes and meeting the needs of residents.

Keywords: multifunctional residential complex, sustainable architecture, autonomous architecture, adaptive architecture, residential environment, residential buildings

In the context of the administrative-territorial organization of Kuban, key features that determine the formation of church architecture are identified. Particular importance is given to the complex of architectural and urban planning solutions that were envisaged during the construction of Orthodox churches in Yekaterinodar. The individual, not preserved objects of church architecture in the historical period under study, recognized as significant for this settlement, are noted. The historical plan of Yekaterinodar of the first 19th century with established residential areas, religious buildings and structures is designated. A retrospective analysis of the placement of these objects in the architectural and planning structure of the city was conducted. Visual illustrations presented in the scientific study contribute to the structuring of the material. Attention is focused on the preservation of historical memory through objects of Orthodox heritage.

Keywords: church architecture, Cossacks, Kuban, religion, church, Orthodox churches, architecture, object, structure, appearance, tradition

The transport strategy of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specific features of the country's transport system, requires the use of transport modeling when solving problems of carbon neutrality. The transport model solves multifaceted problems, including the forecast and assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. The main principles of developing transport models are considered. A comparison is made of the NIIAT and EEA/COPERT methods most often used in calculating greenhouse gas emissions using transport models. The main requirements for the results of calculations using a mathematical model of transport flows are formulated.

Keywords: carbon neutrality, transport modeling, carbon neutrality, greenhouse gases, specific emissions, calculation scenario

The article is based on modelling several variants of information diagrams of a corrugated monolithic ceiling of an industrial building. The information model has been transformed into an analytical model. The comparative analysis of all calculation models was carried out visually and in numerical aspect. The efficiency of BIM-technologies in design with the application of software complexes «Renga», «CAPFIRR-3D» and «LIRA-CAD» is also considered in the calculation and construction section. The comparative analysis of three variants of the joints of the beams and the slab of the covering was carried out. The analysis of the stress-distorted state of the calculation circuit was also performed.

Keywords: ribbed slab, industrial building, design of buildings and structures, BIM-technologies, calculation scheme, information model, rigid insert, stress-strain state, finite element method

The article analyzes the architectural features of the visitor centers of natural parks in the Volgograd region. The features of the influence of this type of building on ensuring protection and assisting in educating the public about the significance and uniqueness of various territories are considered. Visitor centers are specially created buildings or complexes designed for outreach work with park visitors. They perform a number of functions: informational, educational, environmental. The architectural features of visitor centers of natural parks in the Volgograd region are described. The concept of visitor centers of the Volga-Akhtubinskaya Floodplain Natural Park has been developed

Keywords: architecture, visitor center, natural and national parks, environmental architecture, recreational and health potential, national characteristics, construction, architectural design

The article describes the main problems associated with the principles of calculation and design of building structures of buildings and structures in seismically active areas in accordance with the provisions of the regulatory document SP 14.13330.2018. The difficulties that may arise when using foreign regulatory requirements in terms of design and calculation are noted. The calculation of a flat steel multi-story frame for the main and special combination of loads and impacts is considered. The frame calculation for a special combination is performed according to SP 14.13330.2018 with and without taking into account the additional requirements of foreign design standards ASCE / SEI 7-22, ANSI / AISC 341-22. The requirements of foreign standards were not taken into account in full, but only in terms of increasing the reliability of the structure, for certain positions. The change in the parameter of the frame metal consumption for various calculation options is analyzed. Conclusions are formulated and recommendations are given on how to reduce the metal consumption when calculating for seismic impact, taking into account the increase in the reliability of building structures.

Keywords: finite-element schemes, columns, crossbars, seismic action, steel frames, flat frames, design, limit states, material consumption, optimization, reliability, special combinations, combination factors

The problem of building a model of an intelligent system for continuous monitoring of the density of asphalt concrete mixture for vibrating rollers is considered. The methodology and theoretical foundations of the construction of such systems for road machines were considered by the author earlier in the author's publications. Four models of functional dependencies of compaction quality indicators on variable dynamic parameters of the system are proposed. An algorithm that implements the proposed method is presented, as well as scientific results obtained on the basis of measured signals of vibration parameters in a field experimental study during the construction of the upper layer of asphalt concrete pavement of a highway. Scientific results were obtained on the basis of the analysis of data of variables in the time domain.

Keywords: intelligent system, fuzzy neural network, asphalt roller

A method for recording holograms using digital cameras with high spatial resolution is considered. To register holograms obtained in optical setups with an inclined reference beam, a high resolution of registration systems is required. To do this, it is necessary to use media with a resolution of 2000-4000 lines per mm. The use of photographic plates requires a fairly long exposure and development time, which is usually done separately from the optical setup. In the case of holographic interferometry systems, it is necessary to provide for mounting the hologram back into the optical setup with sufficiently high accuracy. Therefore, digital holography methods have been developed to record holograms on photomatrices with limited resolution. These methods are based on the use of optical schemes at small angles (less than 5 degrees) between interfering beams. Recently, sensors with a single element size of 1.33 µm and 0.56 µm have appeared. This resolution makes it possible to return to registration schemes with angles between interfering beams of 30-60 degrees. This allows us to hope for the revival of holographic methods and methods of holographic interferometry at the modern level without the use of intermediate recording media.

Keywords: digital holography, high spatial resolution photo matrix, tilted reference beam holography, Fourier transform

Nowadays, numerical methods are widely used to realise complex calculations.Verification of the correctness of the numerical calculation results is a relevant task. The validity of the results can be confirmed by determining the stress-strain state by various methods. This paper presents the results of the calculation of thin isotropic ring spherical shells of constant thickness with half-shell angle in the range of (90-170) degrees by two numerical methods. The results of solving the system of differential equations of the general moment theory of shells with the use of the computer mathematics system (Maple 2017) and the finite element method (FEM) are discussed. The given examples show that the calculation results with the use of the selected finite element KE-44 coincide with an accuracy of 10-15 % for shells with a half-shell angle of 120 degrees. When the angle is increased to 170 degrees, the difference in function values becomes significant. The paper gives some examples of calculation of ring spherical shells under the action of one and three annular loads. The variation of axial and radial displacements, of meridional bending moment for shells with the ratio of radius of the curvature to shell thickness 25, 50, 100, 200 is shown. Plots of meridional bending moment and moment isopole are given.

Keywords: elastic, spherical shell, numerical method, computer mathematics system, finite element method.

One of the causes of local overheating of submersible electric motor caused by the presence of a significant variation of electromagnetic parameters of rotor packages (RP) in the assembly of submersible electric motor is investigated in this paper. Due to the presence in the assembly of RPs with an active resistance much lower than the average resistance of the assembly, the electrical losses in RPs with resistance higher than the average increase, respectively, their heat generation increases. With the help of statistical analysis methods, the distribution of electromagnetic parameters as a two-dimensional random variable was investigated, the "convolution" of the two-dimensional distribution law was constructed. The analysis of the "convolution" of the two-dimensional law of distribution of electromagnetic parameters of the RP showed that there is a high probability of a significant scatter of parameters of the RP in the assembly.

Keywords: submersible electrical motor, rotor package, statistical analysis, local overheating, interrepair period

The paper presents an algorithm for modeling production and economic characteristics for obtaining crop products, with the help of which planning problems are solved using multi-level parametric programming methods under average and unfavorable operating conditions for commodity producers. Since time series of characteristics associated with the production of products can be described by trends to assess adverse events, an algorithm for their identification was used based on the construction of multi-level trends according to the idea of ​​​​the hierarchical structure of the time series. When using this algorithm, a sequence of local minima is formed from the original series, a trend is built, and levels located below this trend, called unfavorable events, are identified. The assessment of the probabilities of these events is determined by the distribution law, which describes a number of differences in actual data and trend values ​​of a sequence of local minima. In the absence of trends and considering series of characteristics in the form of random variables, statistical and physical criteria are applicable to identify unfavorable events. As such, it is proposed to use the average value of local minima. Of the adverse events received, the smallest of them are distinguished, which represent rare events. Based on the identified events and other characteristics, the problem of optimizing the production of agricultural products is formed, the solution of which allows us to obtain optimal production volumes in accordance with maximum incomes corresponding to the calculated probability of events. A comparative analysis of planning results under average conditions and taking into account unfavorable events shows the likely losses of commodity producers at the enterprise and municipal district level.

Keywords: parametric programming, trend, adverse event, production and economic characteristics, crop production, losses, risks