The paper discusses the principles and conditions of supplies allocation on the construction site. It covers the functional dependences of the logistic support in the course of construction of large-panel buildings. The paper presents the required conditions for the stable functioning of material supply system, making it possible to ensure a rhythmic and uninterrupted process of the facility construction. Various types of production supplies of material resources are offered at the construction site for large-panel housing construction, which is based on a sufficient volume of structures and products taking into account the possible occurrence of risks of performing the planned amount of work. It is concerned with the comparative analysis of the main ways of determining the need for material and technical resources.
Keywords: construction, construction and assembly work, large-panel buildings, logistical support, material resource inventory
This article considers the assessment of the life cycle costs of investment and construction projects, taking into account the costs aimed at reducing the level of pollution into the environment. Financial calculation tools used to analyze investment decisions and calculate the cost of the life cycle of an object (LCC life cycle costs, also life cycle costs) are closely related methods of evaluating investments, including equipment, installation, construction work and various infrastructure investments necessary to maintain and develop the construction sector in the country's economy. For environmental management, this analysis allows the construction company to assess the financial benefits of alternative strategies or compare such strategies with the current state of affairs. The calculation of investments in terms of costs, cost savings and the potential to reduce the risk of environmental responsibility is the basis on which construction organizations should base their long-term strategies. The article is aimed at highlighting the issues of rational calculation of investment decisions in construction to maintain a favorable environmental situation in the territory where the construction production will be located.
Keywords: environmental safety, environmental monitoring, project management, ecology in construction, dust suppression, life cycle costs, dust collection systems, investments in construction
Ensuring the regulation of the temperature regime of concrete curing to prevent cracking due to temperature gradients and shrinkage deformations is one of the key points in the construction of massive monolithic reinforced concrete structures. A combination of prescription and technological ones are considered as the main methods for regulating the temperature regime of holding during concreting of massive monolithic structures. The analysis of temperature fields and an assessment of possible cracking of concrete during concreting of grillages of bridge supports, holding of concrete during the erection of structures, in which it was carried out by different methods. It was proposed to clearly stipulate in the normative documents the cases of mandatory tests for concrete frost resistance based on samples taken from the structures. When developing design documentation for standardizing concrete quality indicators, it was proposed that the values of the class of concrete in terms of compressive strength should first of all be assigned according to the condition of ensuring the durability of the structure, depending on the class of the operating environment.
Keywords: massive monolithic reinforced concrete structures, temperature conditions of concrete curing, cracking, frost resistance, compressive strength class of concrete
The article is devoted to the problem of certification of construction projects according to new environmental standards in Russia and abroad. The main characteristics of foreign certificates BREEM, LEED, HQE and domestic "Green Standard", SDS "RUSO", EcoGreenOffice are presented; certification implementation processes; the main factors of green building. The problems of certification of real estate objects in Russia, as well as ways of solving these problems, are analyzed.
Keywords: certification, environmental standard, energy efficiency, green building, environment
The design of a mobile complex for the construction of winter roads with the selection of the main working units has been developed, an analysis of the effectiveness of the application has been carried out and the ways of further development have been considered. An assessment and a detailed analysis of existing mobile snow-melting machines was carried out, the problem of the quality of winter roads was analyzed, ways to improve the quality of temporary winter roads were considered and the most effective was identified, the principle of operation of the proposed design, advantages were described, the main parameters of equipment were calculated, the calculation and selection of working units were made, and the power balance of the mobile complex is also calculated.
Keywords: snow transfer, autowinter areas, cleared, extended, temporary, regular, humidification, technology, category, carriageway, roadside, compacted snow
In modern construction, there are a large number of construction production risks that have a negative impact on the construction of buildings and structures. To reduce adverse impacts on the construction process, it is necessary to constantly monitor these risks. The reasons for the risks of construction production and the ways of their solution are presented in the article. The problem of construction production risks is very significant, given the high rate of construction of buildings and structures using new innovative processes and methods. At the same time, any risk can be avoided or minimized by a high-quality, responsible approach to the performance of their work, with the help of regular control, management and monitoring of all construction risks.
Keywords: construction, risk, consequence, reason, decision, result, construction company, construction process, project, negative impact, building, structure
This article examines the existing methods of organizing construction production, such as: sequential, parallel, flow, and flow-operational, flow-dismembered and flow-complex methods. The features of their formation and differences in the parameters of the duration of construction and the use of resources are determined. Considered and analyzed one of the key and main processes in the organization and planning of construction - the formation of flows. Methods for determining the sequence of construction of complexes of buildings and structures and methods for their optimization, which are aimed at achieving the final result - putting into operation a complex of objects with the required quality and on time, are investigated. As a result, it was concluded that the decisions and methods adopted in the process of developing organizational and technological solutions should ensure the continuity of construction production, competent management of all resources, correct interconnection of all types of work and their execution on time.
Keywords: organizational and technological solutions; integrated construction; сonstruction production; planning; work organization methods; complex flows; construction duration
This article discusses the initial conditions in the field of the regulatory framework for the implementation of BIM technology in the Russian Federation. The problems that may be encountered in the transition to building information modeling are identified, as well as the reasons why this transition is complicated in a short time. New projects and published regulatory documents are explained and regulated the transition to building information modeling are briefly considered. A structural hierarchy is formed according to the importance of the documents, and an overview of the missing documents that should be developed and adopted in the future is given. The materials contained in the article will help to understand the features of individual regulatory documents, refer to the primary sources, namely, the texts of the documents themselves, and provide a complete knowledge of the regulatory and technical framework.
Keywords: regulatory documents, technical customer, BIM, information modeling, data environment, regulatory and technical base
The article emphasizes the importance of monolithic construction and substantiates its advantages. At the same time, it is noted that the erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is a laborious process, especially when it comes to the construction and stripping of the formwork system. It is indicated that the large weight of modern formwork systems reduces the manufacturability of work, and therefore, active research is currently underway to develop formwork systems made of composite materials that are lightweight, durable, relatively durable, safe and environmentally friendly. The technologies for creating formwork systems are given.
Keywords: inventory and fixed formwork systems, selection criteria, additive and traditional technologies
The article reveals the problem of unreasonable overestimation of the durability of roofs made of polymer membranes, which was allowed during their mass introduction in our country in construction and repair and construction production. The article contains a description and illustrations of characteristic cracks that have arisen on a large area of the membrane roof, which have brought it into an inoperative state. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes of the origin of these cracks, including the influence of the design features of membrane roofs, the aggressive effect of solar radiation and large hail on them. It is concluded that it is necessary to choose more UV-resistant polymer roofing membranes.
Keywords: construction, building, membrane roof, polymer membrane, durability, aggressive effects, hail, damage, cracks, inoperable condition
The technology of well cleaning using the KOS-02 complex and a multifunctional tool that has the ability to reciprocate and rotational motion. The scheme of force effect of the cleaning tool is given and the power parameters of the process are estimated.
Keywords: destruction of the face zone, sand plug , equipment for cleaning wells, cleaning tool, flushing technology
This article is devoted to the problems associated with the development, control and execution of one of the most important sections of the project documentation, namely, the project of work production. The authors reveal the problem of non-consistency of the data available in the regulatory documentation regulating the provisions for the development and control of the project of work production. The article presents a brief chronology for the last period on the state of the regulatory framework, methodological guidelines and current regulations for the development of sections of the project of work production. The authors of the article show the features of individual regulatory documents, and their relationship in terms of the development and control of the project of work. The materials contained in the article will help to provide a better understanding of construction participants, designers, construction control specialists and performers of work on the construction site of the purpose and role of the sections of the work production project.
Keywords: Technical supervision, construction control, control and supervisory activities, construction production technology, construction organization, work production project, construction organization project
Conducting land management activities is one of the most complex processes, as it includes a large complex of works aimed at studying the state of land resources, their distribution and the organization of the territory as a whole. A special place in land management is given to geodetic works, which are characterized by sufficient complexity of their implementation. In this regard, there are many questions concerning the organization and implementation of this type of work. This article will discuss the main stages and features of geodetic works in the implementation of land management measures.
Keywords: geodetic works, land management measures, topographic and cartographic materials, topographic and geodetic surveys, cameral works, geodetic basis, survey networks, technical specification, cadastral plan, rational use of land resources
This article considers the issue of justification of excavator face width as a possible basis for information technological design of earthworks. An assessment of the effect of the excavator face width on the excavator stroke length and, as a consequence, on the amount of excavated soil at one technological parking lot has been made. The most effective width of the excavator face was determined using a dimensionless coefficient characterizing the surface area of excavation, and the impact of the physical and mechanical properties of soils on the geometry of the excavator face was assessed.
Keywords: excavator face, excavator stroke length, collapse prism width, slope stability, allowable pressure
The article discusses the popular standards of "green construction". The article analyzes the implementation of WELL standards in the construction of a preschool educational institution, the main aspects and features.
Keywords: WELL, green construction, preschool educational institution, construction, health, standard
The relevance of experimental and theoretical studies of improving the operational efficiency of construction arbitrariness is justified. It is established that the operational efficiency of a construction site depends on many factors. In order to identify the main features of improving the operational efficiency of construction production in this study, we used a computer method of relative distribution of premises and computerized planning of relationships and layout. Some features of the system operation at increasing the operational efficiency of construction production are determined. Based on the conducted experiments, the need for further study of improving the operational efficiency of construction production is justified. Also, on the basis of a number of experiments, the influence of the operational efficiency of construction production on the economic aspect of construction was proved.
Keywords: operational efficiency, construction organization, planning, construction site, project cost, operating costs
This article presents the existing technologies for implementing ground anchors - inside a casing pipe, without the use of a casing pipe and under using a bentonite clay. As a result, a method for selecting the technology for strengthening the retaining walls has been developed by using injection anchors.
Keywords: excavation, ground anchors, spacer mounts, foundation pit cofferdam, technology of the device
The purpose of the study, which this article is limited to, is to analyze the violations committed during the installation of precast concrete goods of a residential building, the place where errors occurred and their causes, and analyze the consequences of violation of the technology for erecting the supporting frame of a residential large-panel building. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to study and analyze the main technological actions and in the process of operational quality control, to identify the places of occurrence of technology violations.On the example of a large-panel residential building, the problems of the quality of work during the construction of the aboveground part of the building are considered. The drawbacks of the constructive solution of external wall panels and joints between them are revealed. The main mistakes in the production of work are considered, at what point in the production of work they arise, and what they will lead to in the future. An example of operational construction control of the installation of load-bearing structures of a large-panel residential building is given.An analysis of errors in construction and installation works was carried out, conclusions were drawn and proposals were made to improve the quality of work during the construction of a large-panel residential building.
Keywords: panel house building, quality of construction and installation works, PIK, construction of residential buildings, violation of technological processes, production, construction, quality control
This article discusses the need for modernization of existing thermal power plants (TPPs) in Moscow. The profitable aspects of technical re-equipment are considered, as well as the factors affecting the composition and implementation of investment projects for the development of existing thermal power plants in the capital are studied.
Keywords: thermal power plant, modernization, technical re-equipment, hazardous production facility, technical condition assessment, major repairs, investment project, service life, construction and installation works, technological equipment
This work is devoted to the problem of conducting a construction and technical judicial examination of a rolled roof after repair. The relevance of the use of roll roofing and its defects are considered. An example with a poor-quality roof repair is reviewed. Besides faults of the management of the homeowners' association were noted. These faults led to the emergence of ambiguity during the examination. They do not allow to interpret the situation in favor of the residents of the house fully, despite the obvious violations of the requirements of regulatory documents and the identification of significant defects. Considered a situation in which a dispute about the type of repair and related judical issues arises. Conclusions based on the results of the study were made.
Keywords: construction and technical judicial expertise, roll roofing, flat roof, maintenance, major repairs, defect, breach of joints
The development of information technology has a significant impact on many areas of human activity, including the construction industry. The introduction of modern software and information devices into production processes at the stages of design and construction of buildings can lead not only to an increase in the quality of construction and installation works, a reduction in construction time, but also to a reduction in the consumption of material resources and a decrease in the generation of construction and demolition waste at the construction site. The article provides statistical data on the formation of construction waste in recent years, as well as identifies the possibilities of increasing the level of resource saving in construction through the use of modern information technologies.
Keywords: resource conservation, waste, construction, technology, informatization, demolition, dismantling
BIM technologies are mandatory in a number of foreign countries, therefore the question of regulatory regulation of BIM technologies in Russia arises. A strong impetus for the development of information technologies is given by the Ministry of Construction and the Government of the Russian Federation, by developing standards for information modeling in the territory of the Russian Federation. Provides normative and technical documents with a brief description of the content and requirements. Consideration is given to further development and experience of passing State examinations in the field of construction.
Keywords: building information modeling, digital model, information model, BIM-technologies, design, project, regulation, software, expertise, construction, regulatory and technical documents
Technologies of carrying out restoration work on the newly identified object of cultural heritage are given. The types and methods of carrying out repair and restoration work in the conditions of urban development are considered. Recommendations for the most efficient use of material resources are given. The algorithm for carrying out repair and restoration work is being analyzed.
Keywords: work technology, repair, restoration work, cultural heritage object, building structures, buildings and structures
As the object of research, the angular joints of glued wooden structures used for the construction of external enclosing structures in low-rise housing construction, made in factory conditions with modern equipment, were selected. As part of the work, the available literature on this topic was analyzed. The analysis of the variability of the use of modern corner joints of external walls for low-rise construction, made of glued beams, in the design and construction, taking into account the development of technical capabilities in modern industries. Describes the old and new device technology, corner joints, indicating the advantages and disadvantages of such compounds, describes the technical characteristics of the used elements. Conclusions are drawn, as well as recommendations for the further use of these materials in design and construction.
Keywords: glued wood, structural features of corner joints, production of wooden structures
Ensuring the reliability of oil and gas pipelines laid in zones with increased seismicity, namely, the choice of design and technology for the construction of pipelines, is a topic of current and requiring serious study. The article considers methods of laying underground pipeline in seismic areas, provides analysis of proposed structures and construction technologies. To minimize the identified shortcomings, the authors proposed a structural diagram of a pipeline built by the microtonneling method, which will ensure the stability of the structure to seismic loads and reduce construction and operation costs.
Keywords: underground oil and gas pipeline, seismic impact, reliability, microtonneling, construction technology, structural diagrams, compensating element