One of the tasks of the state is to create decent living conditions for the population, including providing people with high-quality and comfortable housing. However, over time, housing wears out, becomes outdated, and becomes unsuitable for use. In order to slow down and prevent rapid deterioration of capital construction projects, capital repair measures are being implemented. They are aimed at restoring and replacing structural elements of residential buildings that have fallen into disrepair. Overhaul of housing is a complex of organizational, technological and economic measures aimed at reducing and eliminating the physical deterioration of buildings. Thus, the creation of decent living conditions for the population and the safety of the housing stock, as well as increasing its energy efficiency, depend on the effectiveness of the organization of the capital repair system and its organizational and technological support.

Keywords: major renovation, apartment building, repair and construction work, energy saving, energy efficiency

The article considers domestic, foreign and international experience in the application of information modeling technologies (IMT) and its standardization in the planning of integrated development and information modeling (IM) of territories. The analysis of the world practice of standardization of TIM application in planning of complex development and information modeling of territories has revealed the absence of unified approaches and system representation in the part of development of standards in the subject area. Based on the results of the analysis and generalization of world practice recommendations and proposals for the development and updating of national standards and codes of practice in terms of the application of IMT in the planning of integrated development and information modeling of territories are developed.

Keywords: information modeling, integrated development of territories, technical standards

The article is devoted to the assessment of signs that can lead to the destruction of building structures that undergo physical wear over time. The destruction of the elements can lead to adverse consequences. A mathematical basis is used to diagnose structural failure. With its help, it is possible to determine the influence of signs contributing to the destruction of the structure on the degree of destruction. This article discusses the main provisions of the general kinetic theory, as well as methods of its application in order to determine the emergency condition of structures. The technical condition of the structures is considered from the standpoint of the determinational theory. The concept is based on the principle of reliability of the structure before the first failure. The object's trouble-free operation model embodies the science of the speeds of processes in the field of structuring and decomposition of complex system structures throughout the life cycle and shows the adaptive response of structures to factors that shorten the service life of the object. This concept makes it possible to more accurately assess the risks of structural failure from the effects of certain adverse factors.

Keywords: construction and technical expertise, defects, reliability, diagnostic tasks, diagnostic methods, efficiency

Methods for calculating technological and functional tolerances in the manufacture and installation of steel structures are described. An experimental installation of the structure was carried out to make it possible to clarify the tolerances, and the foundations of the methodology for assessing the qualitative and quantitative manufacturability of assembly elements were put forward to simplify the processes of manufacturing and assembling the structure.

Keywords: methods for calculating tolerances, installation of a structure, manufacturing of structures, manufacturability, complex indicator of manufacturability

Increasing the energy efficiency of the construction process involves the use of materials with the lowest material intensity, including thickness, as well as with a reduced content of Portland cement clinker while maintaining or improving the technical characteristics of the products. In this regard, the use of textile concrete products, including concrete sheets, is promising. The development of a composite binder containing components that reduce nega-tive pressure in hardening concrete, and consequently shrinkage deformations and cracking, made it possible to obtain products with the following waterproofness indicators: determined by the ""wet spot"" method: 1.2 MPa; with a filtration coefficient of 5-7×10-11 cm / s; the concrete waterproof grade W12

Keywords: textile-concrete, concrete web, water resistance, shrinkage during hardening, cracking, fine concrete

The stages of pre-project and design preparation are fundamental for the further implementation of the investment and construction project. The success of construction and commissioning of facilities depends on the successful completion of these stages. The duration of the stages depends on the competence and consistency of interaction between the participants in the investment and construction project, the rationality of decision-making by the technical customer (developer) and a number of other factors. Identifying factors and finding options for rational planning of the stages of pre-project and design preparation is very relevant. As part of the study, a formula was derived for determining the duration of the stages of pre-design and design preparation of objects for construction, taking into account the influence of negative factors. The results of the study are used in planning the stages of pre-design and design preparation of a facility for construction.

Keywords: factors, stages of pre-project and design preparation of objects for construction, duration of procedures

The authors of the article propose to consider ways of forming a tourist zone based on urban planning approaches, using the example of the territory along Lake Ladoga (Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia). The article shows the main ways to form a tourist zone using three main approaches: a cluster approach, a polycentric approach and a landscape approach.

Keywords: Lake Ladoga, formation of a tourist zone, natural and planning frameworks, tourist and recreational zone

This article discusses the results of studies of the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs during punching. The parameters affecting the shear strength of the joints of columns and slabs are considered. Studies of the influence of the strength of concrete, the location of reinforcement, the reinforcement coefficient, the shape and size of the column are given. Various types of reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs in the punching zone are presented.

Keywords: floor slab, column, punching, shear, bending, transverse reinforcement, dowel action

The article provides an overview of the characteristic defects that occur during winter concreting as a result of violations of the technology of concrete work. The relevance of this topic is justified by the large-scale increase in the volume of construction of monolithic buildings for various purposes: residential, public, as well as various types of structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete. A feature of the review of these defects is in this case their main causes, which are associated with violations of concreting technology due to the need in some cases to accelerate production work. The defects presented in this article were identified based on the analysis of accounting documentation when performing visual surveys in the process of scientific and technical support for the construction of buildings of increased responsibility. The violations described in the article were observed at various monolithic construction sites within modern megacities. The article describes the main causes of these defects. The ways of eliminating these defects based on engineering practice are proposed.

Keywords: inspection of building structures, defects of monolithic structures, scientific and technical support of construction, flaw detection of building structures, concreting in winter

This article is devoted to the analysis of the application of the software and hardware complex of mixed reality and augmented reality ""BRIO MRS"" to explore the possibility of digitalization of the construction control process within the framework of JSC CITY - XXI Century. The article also discusses the specific application of mixed reality, which consists in checking the progress of work on the construction of a real building and its compliance with the designed digital information model using a hardware and software complex for augmented and mixed reality. The complex described in this article was actually used and is being used at the construction site. The paper describes the procedure for using a hardware and software complex to verify the compliance of the progress of construction work and the digital information model. The principle of operation of the complex, as well as the prospects that were discovered during the implementation of the experience of using a mixed and augmented reality system, are the subject of further research. In conclusion, based on the conducted research, it turns out what tasks the complex described in the article allows to solve, what advantages it has over analogues and what advantages its introduction into the activities of a modern development company will bring.

Keywords: mixed reality, augmented reality, digitalization, digital information model, modern standards, hardware and software complex, construction control

Ensuring the reliability and safety of load-bearing structures, buildings and structures is the most important task. The reliability or safety of a structural system is inextricably linked with the elements of this system that provide strength and spatial stability. The importance of each load-bearing element in the building system in ensuring overall mechanical safety is assessed differently. For multi-storey frame buildings, load-bearing elements, for example, columns of the lower floors, if they fail, can lead to a significantly greater volume of destruction compared to the structures of the upper floors. The article provides a methodology for determining criteria by which the level of responsibility of columns can be established depending on their location in the building plan, developed on the basis of numerical studies. As a result, a classification was compiled according to the level of responsibility of the columns of a monolithic multi-story frame building.

Keywords: limit state method, special limit state, emergency design situation, responsibility of load-bearing elements, reinforced concrete columns

The study highlights issues related to the characteristics of industrial facilities, and provides existing methods for evaluating facilities. The use of the concept of a complex indicator combining a number of indicators of an industrial facility in the design is proposed. It is assumed that the availability of systematized information about an industrial facility at the design stage will allow a more rational approach to the issue of forming a project team that is sufficient and effective for the implementation of the project.

Keywords: construction, industrial construction, industrial facility, design, integrated indicator, project team, organizational structure

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the primary technologies used in the construction of high-rise buildings in China. It delves into the most commonly employed construction techniques and the types of structures that are prevalent in this sector. The study is based on a thorough analysis of existing literature and showcases real-world examples to illustrate the application of these technologies. These techniques encompass various construction methods and material choices, which are critical in the successful erection of skyscrapers. The aim of this paper is to offer reference information for professionals, aiding them in selecting suitable technologies and structural types for high-rise building projects. This work is especially useful for those in the construction industry, as it highlights the significant role that building technologies play in high-rise construction. It serves as a practical guide, providing insights into the most widely used construction technologies in the field. This article is intended to be a valuable resource for specialists looking to employ advanced methods in their construction practices, thereby enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of high-rise buildings.

Keywords: civil engineering, high-rise buildings, construction technology, reinforced concrete structure, prefabricated structure, analysis

Clinker tiles are one of the most popular types of roofing materials. Compared to other roof coverings, clinker tiles have higher strength, resistance to aggressive environments and aesthetic indicators. The relevance of the production of clinker tiles due to the fact that at present architects and builders are showing great interest in such an elite roofing material such as clinker tiles. However, the main trends in the production of ceramic tiles are to increase its strength while reducing weight by reducing the thickness. The conducted research has shown that the production of clinker tile on the basis of argillites Nekrasovskogo deposit is possible at a fractional composition of 0-0,08 mm, 0-0,05 mm and firing temperature of 1050 ˚C.

Keywords: argillite, tile, clinker, research, chemical composition, mineral composition, ceramic products, properties, technology

The requirements for increasing the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures of buildings and structures are continuously increasing. At the same time, a number of buildings cannot be insulated from the outside due to their protective architectural status. Homeowners also cannot make changes to the facade design in the volume of their apartment. The design of a thermal insulation panel for mounting on the inner surface of an apartment wall is proposed. A method for calculating the heat transfer resistance of an enclosing structure insulated in this way is given.

Keywords: energy saving, wall insulation, internal thermal insulation panels, method of calculation of thermophysical parameters

The article provides the results of the calculation of a steel span structure. Two options for the design scheme were considered. In scheme №. 1.1, the bending moment is perceived by the beam elements. In scheme №. 1.2, the bending moment is perceived jointly by the beam elements and cable structures. A comparison was made of the results of determining bending moments.

Keywords: main beam, secondary beam, column, boundary conditions, loads, bending moment, CAD

This article is devoted to the analysis of factors influencing the energy efficiency of high-rise buildings. Using the example of the Aquamarine residential complex in the city of Vladivostok, an analysis of high-rise buildings was carried out, calculations were performed, and the results were presented in the form of graphs that reflect the dynamics of the speed of wind flows and temperature changes in the outside air along the height of the building. Changes in these parameters increase the intensity of heat loss, which must be taken into account when developing a space-planning solution and thermal protection of the facades of high-rise buildings.

Keywords: energy efficiency, aerodynamics, air exchange, heat resistance, high-rise building, microclimate, urban development, energy consumption

This article discusses the practical development of an adaptive scheme for converting an internal environment into an external one using the example of an architectural unit (model) of glamping. A special classification of the types of adaptability applied to the model is formulated. The target direction of the consideration is based on the definition of an adaptive architecture object, the transformation of which will be able to provide flexibility and mobility of the environment depending on human needs, as well as on the identification of architectural, planning and constructive solutions of the object to ensure a strong relationship between the optimally functional filling scheme and the configuration of the adjacent territory. In order to achieve maximum results in this direction, the principles of efficiency and simplicity of the architectural structure are highlighted. redistribution of investments in interests of the organization and development of new production on available floor spaces. The most important organizational economic targets of a diversification of management are presented by innovative activity of the industrial enterprise.

Keywords: transformation, adaptive architecture, function, architectural volume, structural element, plastic facades, operation of an architectural structure

This article discusses the fundamental possibility of constructing an architectural form using a single parameter. The principle of such shaping of a structural element of a building’s structural scheme is formulated and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to assessing the rationality and feasibility of using the form as public or residential architecture. Emphasis is placed on the presence of sufficient areas for human habitation in the internal space, despite the initially ambiguous visual effect of the external appearance of the building. The main idea of the argument is based on the mathematical justification of harmony in nature and architecture.

Keywords: harmony, architectural volume, architectural design, parameter, parametricism, monoparametricism, structural rigidity, straight line, point, geometric body

Over time reinforced concrete construction tend to lose their strength properties. An important factor in maintaining the integrity of reinforced concrete structures is the compliance of the parameters of the erected structure with its design values and operating conditions. Otherwise, the likelihood of defects such as the formation of cracks in the protective layer and corrosion of reinforcement increases. There are methods for restoring reinforced concrete structures that can return the strength characteristics to the design level or even exceed it.

Keywords: restoration of the protective layer, repair, inhibitor, adhesion, corrosion, penetrating waterproofing, chemical anchor, foundation, shotcreting

The paper considers the problem of automatic detection of defects in the geometric parameters of steel ropes of elevator systems using computer vision methods. The features of flaw detection of moving steel ropes based on video sequences are analyzed, associated with the fragmentation of the image of some defects in adjacent frames and the variability of the geometric dimensions of the rope and the characteristics of the defect visible by the camera due to vibrations of the rope during movement. Taking into account the considered features, two algorithms have been proposed: to determine the defect of thickening/thinning of the rope diameter and the defect of undulation. The paper presents the results of experimental testing of algorithms on a special test bench and calculates the reliability indicators of defect detection by the proposed algorithms in the form of precision and recall of detection of each defect individually, as well as the average precision and recall of detection of both considered defects of geometric parameters of the rope as a whole.

Keywords: steel rope defects, instrumental control, non-contact flaw detection, computer vision

Calculation and analytical studies have been carried out on the influence of the duration of operation of nuclear power plants (NPP) when extending their service life on radiation and radiation-thermal changes of volume and compressive strength in serpentinite concrete of “dry” radiation-thermal shield (hereinafter referred to as “dry” shield) of Water-Water Energetic Reactors (WWER /VVER) different power. Concrete based on typical serpentinite aggregate from the Bazhenov deposit, used for the production for concrete of “dry” shield, is considered. It has been established that with increasing operating duration, radiation changes of the serpentinite concretes in “dry” shield of NPPs with VVER will generally increase monotonically and, in terms of volume changes, can become commensurate with or even exceed permissible values. In this regard, radiation changes in the concrete of «dry» shield should be taken into account when extending the operating life of nuclear power plants. It has been shown that radiation changes in the concrete of “dry” shield for NPPs with VVER-440 are 2 - 4 times more significant than of “dry” shield concrete for NPPs with VVER-1000. Radiation changes in the concrete of "dry" shield increase with decreasing average operating temperature. Thermal changes in serpentinite concretes of "dry" shield when exposed to operational and emergency temperatures increase with temperature and make a significant contribution to radiation-thermal changes in dry-shield concretes. The results obtained can be used to establish the permissible period for extending the operation of nuclear power plants with reactors of the VVER 440 and VVER-1000 types based on radiation-thermal changes in serpentinite concrete of "dry" shield.

Keywords: radiation, thermal, radiation-thermal changes, serpentinite concrete, “dry” radiation-thermal shield, water-water energetic reactors, extension of the operating life of NPP

The urgency of creating systems to stabilize and strengthen soils is due to the need to build buildings, structures and roads in regions where clay soils, as well as loams and sandy loams are widespread. The article formulates the main technological and technical requirements for stabilized soils. The principal possibility of applying a complex modification of the soil by introducing a composite composition of quicklime and finely ground granulated blast furnace slag in combination with mechanical compaction is considered. The results of studies of soil modification by composite composition are presented, the purpose of which is to make the soil suitable not only for the installation of anti-filtration curtains in soils during the development of pits, but also for foundations and basements. The results of studies of the properties of stabilized soil are presented.

Keywords: unstabilized soil, soil modification, loam, quicklime, ground slag, analytical optimization

The presented article analyzes the urban development of the cities of the Leningrad region of Luga, Kingisepp and Tikhvin, which have the potential to be included in the list of historical cities of regional significance, to identify the features of their urban development through various historical eras, as well as the existing problems of the urban environment.

Keywords: historical settlements, urban planning reform of Catherine II, Leningrad region, urban planning formation of cities

The problem of safety in the construction of buildings and structures has always been and remains very relevant. In our time of actively developing scientific and technological progress, new risk factors of a technogenic nature appear. Studying the survivability of buildings, and consequently the resistance of buildings to progressive collapses, is a very important task. This article examines the influence of the compliance of nodal connections of a metal frame on progressive collapse.

Keywords: progressive collapse, yielding of nodes, metal structures, survivability, special effects, calculation methods