The existing hot water supply system of a 17-storey apartment building commissioned in 2010 is considered and its scheme is described. A laboratory study of the dismantled sections of the defective pipeline was carried out. It is shown that the entire inner surface of the pipe is covered with longitudinal cracks of uneven shape, different lengths and depths. A microscopic examination of the pipe section revealed areas of insufficient adhesion of the reinforcing layer with the inner layer of the polypropylene pipe. It is established that the main reason for the appearance of pipe defects in the form of numerous cracks, the formation of bubbles and fracture with a short service life is associated with the formation of a rupture of bonds between layers and the use of low-quality polypropylene pipes.

Keywords: pipe, polypropylene, defect, crack, swelling, water supply, reinforcing layer, technology, construction, aluminum

The paper presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of water softening using sodium-cationite filters with countercurrent modes of operation according to the flow schemes of purified water relative to the direction of supply of regeneration solution and washing water. The research was carried out at a pilot ion exchange facility using a single-stage sodium-cation scheme in laminar operation. It has been found that the flow from bottom to top under the resin layer leads to its compaction due to high hydraulic resistance, which in the case of water supply leads to an increase in softening efficiency, and the flow from top to bottom facilitates its passage through the resin layer due to low hydraulic resistance, which in the case of water supply increases the resin resource, and in the case of the supply of regeneration solution and washing water contributes to a more complete regeneration and washing of the layer from the residual amount of NaCl solution. A comparative characteristic of three grades of resins was carried out during two filter cycles with different countercurrent schemes. According to the results, the resins of the brands Purolite C100E and Tokem-150 are recommended for use in countercurrent circuits of filters for water softening.

Keywords: water purification, water softening, water hardness, hardness salts, ion exchange, sodium-cationite resins, resin regeneration, countercurrent regeneration, resin resource, resin regeneration degree

This article presents the results of a research work devoted to the use of ultrafiltration membranes in the technology of purification of natural waters and wash waters of a contact clarifier unit, as well as design proposals developed on their basis for the reconstruction of existing water treatment plants.

Keywords: membrane technology, ultrafiltration, membrane module, natural water treatment technology, flushing water treatment technologywater treatment facilities, patent research

The factors influencing the process of flocculation during aeration are analyzed. It is determined that the effect is due to the damping of small-scale pulsations of water during mixing, accelerated formation of nuclei of solid phases of coagulant hydrolysis products on the surface of air bubbles due to electrostatic and surface forces, as well as the release of excess amounts of carbon dioxide from the water. Theoretical dependences have been obtained showing that the dose of coagulant injected into the mixer with simultaneous aeration of water is proportional to the concentration of heterophase impurities and inversely proportional to the average particle size of contaminants, the gas saturation of the resulting water-air mixture and the velocity gradient.

Keywords: natural water, coagulant, mixer, aeration, coagulant dose, velocity gradient

The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency and reliability of the water supply system on the example of gravity water treatment plants. In this study, some of the measures for the reconstruction of structures on the daily regulation pools and introduced new technologies for water purification are considered. The use of a new technology has been studied, which involves the use of local coagulants in the form of aluminum sulfate together with a high-molecular synthetic anionic flocculant of the «POLY SEPAR AN 34 TW» type and clarification of water in sedimentation tanks equipped with horizontal thin-layer modules. As a result of the study, it was identified that the use of anionic flocculant of the «POLY SEPAR AN 34 TW» type, which has a flocculating and disinfecting ability in water treatment processes, is highly effective. Moreover, the use of a flocculant of the «Poly Separ» type for surface water purification at a dose of 0.5 - 1.0 mg/l, along with a decrease in turbidity and color, it ensures the removal of such impurities as iron, heavy metals, a decrease in the total microbial number from 10000 - 1000000 to 100 cells/ml at the filtration stage, since «Poly Separ» has a prolonged bactericidal effect.

Keywords: water supply, pool, regulation, technology, coagulant, aluminum sulfate, anion, flocculant, disinfection, turbidity, color, clarification, kinetics of the process

The parameters of the mixers widely used in the practice of water treatment are given. A fundamentally new design of the mixing unit is proposed, which provides a process of rapid and complete mixing of reagents in a thin layer of a rotating flow of a pre-created water-air mixture using the method of concentrated coagulation. At the same time dispersion of air bubbles is carried out. A detailed description of the design, operating principle and basic design parameters of the mixer used in the mixing unit.

Keywords: natural water, coagulant, mixer, concentrated coagulation, aeration, velocity gradient, rotational motion

The article discusses the causes of accidents in water supply and sanitation systems. methods for improving the quality of drinking water in the construction and reconstruction of water pipes, the use of new materials to reduce breakdowns on networks are considered. the analysis of the durability of pipelines made of various materials is carried out, according to which it is concluded which material is the best in use for installation work. frequent destruction of pipes occurs from an aggressive environment, so a comparative analysis of various materials from which they are made: polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, reinforced concrete, cast iron and fiberglass. due to poor-quality cleaning, there are environmental problems that occur when using old structures, lack of funding. It is concluded that fiberglass pipes can serve as a high-quality material.

Keywords: quality water, replacement of pipelines, water supply and sanitation, corrosion and destruction of pipes, new polymer material, pipe materials, comparison of pipes made of different materials, service life, wastewater treatment, ecology

In the modern world with the rapid pace of development of human civilization, the question of negative technogenic impact on the environment in General and on the hydrosphere in particular is increasingly being raised. With the growth of population size and density, the consumption of natural resources increases, and as a result, the load on existing engineering communications increases, and regulatory requirements, including environmental requirements for newly created engineering infrastructure objects, increase. It should be noted that there is a direct relationship between the population and the volume of water consumption, which is constantly growing, which in turn leads to an increase in the amount of wastewater. Taking into account changes in environmental legislation and increasing requirements for the quality of wastewater treatment discharged to water bodies, the issue of finding new calculation methods and creating operational models of sewage treatment plants is urgent.

Keywords: waste water, biological treatment, secondary settling tank, activated sludge, calculation method

The method of calculating the coagulant dose using the technology of concentrated coagulation with the addition of air is given. The paper considers the peculiarities of using aluminum sulphate and aluminum polyoxychloride as a coagulant in different periods of the year, taking into account seasonal changes in water quality. Recommended values of parameters used in calculations of the coagulant dose during the year are given. The refined method of calculating the coagulant dose allows determining the weight dose of the reagent, including the mixed coagulant, taking into account the required air saturation of water, as well as the optimal volume of the so-called auxiliary water flow sent for concentrated coagulation.

Keywords: coagulant dose, aluminum sulphate, aluminum polyoxychloride, air saturation, concentrated coagulation, auxiliary flow, mixed coagulant

The paper reveals the problem and causes of the formation of fetid compounds in the systems of transportation and wastewater treatment. Various methods used at the moment to eliminate and neutralize unpleasant odors, as well as a number of measures to clean the air from fetid compounds are considered. A new method is described to prevent the formation of odors of fetid compounds in wastewater transportation and treatment systems and a device for its implementation using low-intensity cavitation. The scheme of the device for sewage treatment from smells of fetid compounds. The principle of operation of this installation is described.

Keywords: fetid compounds , air purification, biological purification, low-intensity cavitation

The paper discusses the integral indicators of the quality or level of contamination of natural waters, allowing for an assessment of their ecological status. It has been established that the criterion for the quality of treated wastewater discharged into a water body is a regulatory allowable discharge, but it is not always possible to calculate it, especially for small rivers characterized by low flow rates of the river runoff compared to the flow of wastewater. An integral indicator is proposed for assessing the level of pollution of wastewater discharged, a formula for calculating it, as well as criteria for assessing the quality of wastewater discharged according to the proposed integral indicator. The method of calculating the integral indicator is based on the assessment of the quality of wastewater discharged in terms of BOD5, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient elements. Using the wastewater discharged from the Novocherkassk wastewater treatment plant as an example, an integral indicator of the level of contamination was calculated, which made it possible to characterize the wastewater discharged as “dirty” and make a conclusion about the need for additional treatment.

Keywords: wastewater, water pollution level, integral indicator of water quality, sewage treatment facilities

The results of the calculation of installations for reducing the level of air pollution from dust and gas emissions from the Bzugu wastewater treatment plant are given. The aerodynamic calculation of pipelines of the system for cleaning dust and gas emissions and the calculation of prevented environmental damage during the implementation of the proposed environmental measures have been performed.

Keywords: dryers, dust and gas emissions, dust, ammonia, turboscrubber, Yatagan gas convector, axonometric scheme

The article discusses the results of the development of the installation, which allows to ensure the process of purification of multicomponent wastewater containing organic impurities of the phenol series based on the combined method in a single apparatus, consistently combining the ozonation process with the sorption purification of oxidized wastewater, ensuring the continuity of the process and allowing the reuse of residual ozone, which greatly increases the degree of wastewater treatment and eliminates the need for the destruction of ozo on. The degree of purification achieved in this way allows the treated wastewater to be directed to the circulating water supply. The novelty of the task and the lack of available information about the combined process determined the nature and scope of experimental studies. There was a need to develop an apparatus that provides the process of purification of wastewater containing mixtures of organic compounds of the phenol series, consistently combining the process of ozonation with sorption purification of oxidized wastewater, ensuring the continuity of the process. The achieved degree of purification allows directing the treated wastewater to the circulating water supply.

Keywords: multicomponent wastewater, wastewater treatment from organic compounds of the phenol series, ozonation, sorption, adsorption, oxidation-sorption column

The features of natural water reagent treatment are considered. The evaluation of the efficiency of coagulants, the most frequently used in the Russian Federation, rational methods of their introduction into the treated water is given. A method of water treatment is proposed, which allows to use the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of mineral coagulants. Experimental data confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method of concentrated coagulation using a mixed coagulant are presented.

Keywords: water of superficial sources, coagulant, sulfate aluminum, aluminum polyoxychloride, the concentrated input of a coagulant

The legal status of water bodies implies special measures aimed at preserving and preventing negative processes within the boundaries of a water body. A zone with a special mode of use is the territory, within the boundaries of which the mode of using the object for the purpose of protection and (or) to protect the environment is established. In modern geodesy, special satellites are used that are part of the global positioning system. The object is tied to the existing geodetic network, the identification marks are laid in a minimal amount, then aerial photography is performed and the photoplans are “stitched”. The emergence of electronic and unmanned measuring instruments during a complex of geodetic works greatly facilitated the work of geodetic engineers, allowing them to increase the productivity and accuracy of work performed when using such instruments.

Keywords: water protection zone, zones with a special mode of use, water bodies, unmanned aerial vehicles, coastline, coastal protective strip, aerial photography, GNSS receivers, surveying equipment, orthophotomap

Protection of water resources and environmental management are directly related to the development of environmentally friendly technologies for the disposal of liquids with pathogenic properties. A significant proportion of this type of waste is wastewater and liquid manure. The urgency of application of technical means of intensification of process of utilization of liquid fraction of waste of animal husbandry, in particular liquid manure and manure drains is proved. The longest and most complex operation of the recycling cycle is disinfection. Analyzed design the most promising activators disinfection of this waste. The prospects of application of the technical solution in the form of a matrix of retention of ferromagnetic particles of the activator inductor are proved. The proposed solution is patented and can significantly improve the performance and quality of operation of disinfection activators when working with liquid media.

Keywords: liquid fraction of animal waste, liquid manure, manure effluents, disposal, disinfection, disinfection activators, substantiation of activator design

The article discusses the comparison of polyethylene and steel pipelines. The definition of coefficient of temperature linear expansion for polyethylene pipelines is given. The analysis of existing methods to determine the linear dimensions of compensators and their compensating ability was carried out. The analysis of the obtained dependences showed that the calculated compensating ability, in some cases, exceeds the geometric dimensions of the compensator. The method for determining the compensating ability is determined.

Keywords: coefficient of temperature linear expansion, linear size of the compensator, polyethylene pipe, compensating ability

The article presents the results of a study of activated sludge, which purifies domestic wastewater from nitrogen compounds under conditions of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the bioreactor (concentration at the level of 0.2-0.7 mg / dm3). The studies were carried out in laboratory and semi-production conditions on the models of circulating aeration facilities. Research methods included optical, electron and fluorescence microscopy, laser diffraction method and real-time polymerase chain reaction method. As a result of research, the composition and condition of the main indicator microorganisms of activated sludge, the structure of floccules of activated sludge, including the distribution of sizes of floccules depending on various technological conditions of the process, the cause of filamentous swelling of activated sludge in cases of disturbance of the system’s stability, as well as the number of functional bacteria genes archaea associated with the processes of nitrification and denitrification. Separately, research was carried out on the sedimentation properties of activated sludge, which includes the determination of sedimentation rates of activated sludge under the conditions of the mutual influence of floccules and biofloculation potential. Studies were performed both for experimental activated sludge, working with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and for the control nitrifying activated sludge, taken from existing treatment plants operating according to the traditional technological scheme of denitrienitrification.

Keywords: nitrification, denitrification, activated sludge, aerotank, oxidation ditch, biological treatment, domestic wastewater, low oxygen treatment method, energy saving, resource saving, ecology

This work relates to the field of chemical technology and information can be used in the industry to protect against biofouling water recycling systems of energy and petrochemical enterprises.

Keywords: treatment, processes, water, corrosion, fouling, reagents, methods, coolant, electrical treatment, bioculture

The paper reveals the problem and causes of the formation of fetid compounds in the systems of transportation and wastewater treatment. Various methods used at the moment to eliminate and neutralize unpleasant odors, as well as a number of measures to clean the air from fetid compounds are considered. A new method is described to prevent the formation of odors of fetid compounds in wastewater transportation and treatment systems and a device for its implementation using low-intensity cavitation. The scheme of the device for sewage treatment from smells of fetid compounds. The principle of operation of this installation is described.

Keywords: fetid compounds , air purification, biological purification, low-intensity cavitation.

The results of the calculation of the hazard class of dust and gas emissions from the dryer of sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plant "Bzugu" in Sochi are presented.

Keywords: sewage sludge, dryers, dust and gas emissions, air pollution assessment

The results of studies of herbal preparations on their suitability for de-worming sewage of pig-breeding complexes.

Keywords: disinfection, pig complexes, sewage, herbal preparations

The paper considers the main factors determining the quality of underground water deposits within the RO, done hydrochemical and geoecological assessment of groundwater RO. The entropy of the groundwater ecosystem is calculated. It was found that most of the deposits have an entropy of less than 30%. that is, the water is clean enough, not experienced external influences. However, the water quality has deviations in individual indicators from the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, which can be eliminated by conventional methods of water treatment.

Keywords: groundwater, hydrogeochemical heterogeneity, classification of groundwater, drinking water

the development of the best available technologies, in particular, the disinfection of waste water from meat processing plants is possible in meat clusters, of which the universities are an indispensable element. Disinfection of waste water from meat-processing plants from sanitary-indicative microorganisms, pathogenic enterobacteria and helminth eggs during the electroflotocoagulation method was investigated. The effect of disinfection from E. coli, eterobacteria and salmonella averaged 99%.

Keywords: meat-processing enterprises, sewage, disinfection, electro-flotocoagulation

The article describes the chemical composition of groundwater in the Rostov area. On the basis of sanitary and environmental assessment of the chemical composition of groundwater from wells, one of the areas of the South-Eastern part of the Rostov area, which are sources of water of the Egorlykskaya station, it was found that the concentration of hydrogen sulfide exceeds the MPC by about 1000 times. Analysis of methods of water purification from hydrogen sulfide, the main of which include: oxidation with molecular chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, showed the advantage of using the hydrogen peroxide. A new reactor design is proposed, which allows to increase the contact time of the treated water with the oxidant by hydrogen peroxide without increasing the size of the structure. This allows the maximum transfer of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in the solid phase.

Keywords: groundwater; hydrogen sulfide, purification, hydrogen peroxide, chemical reactor, economic efficiency