The use of biogas complexes has found wide application, first of all, as a solution to environmental problems associated with the disposal of waste from the agro-industrial complex, as well as obtaining additional types of energy and organic fertilizers. Many designs of biogas plants have been developed that are suitable for operation in various climatic conditions. The choice of a biogas plant design is the most important stage of the planning process. The article discusses the improvement of the bioreactor installation in order to obtain a larger volume of final raw materials, increasing its quality and efficiency of the installation as a whole. The conditions that contribute to improving the efficiency of biogas plants are determined. The technical characteristics of the biogas plant are presented. The pros and cons of bio-installations, their impact on the environment are considered. The prospects for the development of this energy sector in Russia are assessed.

Keywords: biomass, biogas plant, gas production process, waste disposal, harmful emissions

The article touches upon the problem of waste disposal in the territory of the Russian Federation. The foreign experience of construction of utilitarian enterprises, existing technologies for waste recycling is given. Special attention is paid to the creation of an attractive architectural and artistic image of a modern industrial enterprise through the use of modern three-dimensional, constructive solutions in the implementation of architectural plans, ensuring the attractiveness of objects for the population by ensuring their multifunctionality.

Keywords: waste recycling plant, solid household waste, garbage, garbage disposal, waste recycling, spatial solutions, industrial building, utilitarian building, structural solutions, spatial structures, flat structures, facade systems, architectural image, environ

Every year, for the implementation of any oil and gas project in the Far North, the largest oil and gas companies use new technologies. This is due to attempts to reduce the cost of field development and operation. The article reveals the advantages of using composite materials in the construction of oil and gas fields. The cost of using composite and metal supports is given. The main objects, the construction of which is possible with the use of composites, are shown, and conclusions are drawn on the large-scale introduction of this material during construction.

Keywords: composite materials, field development, construction, labor intensity reduction, construction time reduction

The shear calculation scheme of a multi-storey building, popular in design practice, is considered.The application of the method of displacements is shown, when the mutual displacements of the floors of the frame are taken as unknowns. The indicated technique leads to the solution of the system of equations of the displacement method with the upper two-diagonal matrix, which makes it possible to obtain an analytical solution of the problem.

Keywords: shear calculation scheme of the building, move method, tridiagonal matrix, sweep method, reciprocal movements, analytical solution of the equation system

The article considers the directions of development of energy, transport and water facilities through the use of liquefied natural gas.

Keywords: liquefied natural gas, energy, methane, motor transport

The article contains information about the factors influencing the attitude of consumers to tourist offers, and provides recommendations on the organization of an effective advertising campaign of a travel company belonging to the category of small and medium-sized businesses in the vastness of the global network.

Keywords: campaign, advertising, tourism, internet, website, direct, marketplace, query, statistics, Iran

When developing the final qualifying paper the problem of choosing the optimal structural concept for bearing and enclosing structures. To solve it, normative technical and economic indicators, variant comparison (trial design) and other methods can be used. The objective of the present study, which is carried out as part of the final qualifying paper, is to search for and develop an algorithm that is understandable for practical use for choosing an effective (in terms of specific consumption) structural concept for a steel truss.

Keywords: optimization, specific consumption, cost value, steel truss, steel structure design, STARK ES, analysis of trusses, optimal structural concept, changing the section type, selection of an effective structural concept

This article attempts to analyze the current state of energy efficiency of construction projects in the Republic of Tajikistan. Issues related to improving the energy efficiency of newly built facilities are also considered. The problem of increasing energy efficiency depends on the solution of the issue of energy saving in the design, construction and operation of buildings. Saving energy resources in construction is one of the urgent problems in the field of electric power industry. The level of comfort of buildings and their performance depends on the level of their thermal protection. Reducing the consumption of energy resources is one of the most important tasks in the construction, reconstruction and operation of buildings and structures. Based on this, energy saving is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Tajikistan. From this point of view, the chosen research topic can be very timely and relevant.

Keywords: energy efficiency, thermal protection, normative and technical documents, natural and climatic conditions, energy consumption, energy saving, insulation, economy, construction

The global global trend in the development of modern computer technologies contributes to the introduction of BIM technologies in the design, construction and operation, working with a single model of a building or structure throughout the entire life cycle. The challenges that arise in the design and construction process stimulate the development of digital technologies, and those, in turn, require continuous study and improvement of knowledge in these areas. To maximize the effectiveness of projects and the implementation of architectural thought by means of information technology, new requirements for the work of architects are emerging. In this direction, it is necessary to train architects and designers of a new generation and to retrain long-time practitioners. In this paper, we have considered the advantages and disadvantages of the transition of the full cycle of architectural and construction design in IT modeling. We studied the issue of rapid identification of shortcomings and instability of the design of the projected building due to the integration of programs: ArchiCAD, SAPPHIRE, LIRA-CAD.

Keywords: architectural environment, information technology, integration, BIM, design, IT modeling, construction

The standard frequency spectrum according to regulatory documents is divided into three frequency bands. The third frequency range is currently not well studied and is represented on the standard sound insulation graph by a straight line. When sound is applied to the plate, at a certain frequency, bending waves in the plate are replaced by shear and longitudinal vibrations. Having considered the processes of propagation of shear and longitudinal waves in a soundproof barrier, it is possible to obtain an adequate physical model of wave propagation in the third frequency range, as well as to form an effective method for calculating the sound insulation of air noise. The physical model of sound insulation in the third frequency range is based on the use of objects in wave propagation media with concentrated parameters: coordinates, weight and velocity. The concepts of "concentrated" and "reduced" masses are introduced. Using the law of conservation of the amount of motion and the law of conservation of kinetic energy, formulas are derived for finding sound insulation in the third section of the standard frequency spectrum. The influence of shear waves on the third frequency range of the standard spectrum is considered. Formulas are given for calculating the initial frequency of occurrence of these waves and for finding sound insulation. The regularities of the appearance of the third section of the standard frequency spectrum are determined. The influence of longitudinal waves on the third frequency range is considered. Formulas for finding the limiting frequency, after which longitudinal waves appear in the partition, and formulas for finding sound insulation due to the action of longitudinal waves are obtained. The refinement of the sound insulation formulas using the modulus of elasticity, taking into account the creep of concrete, is shown. A computational experiment is being carried out to calculate sound insulation for building partitions made of heavy concrete of different thicknesses. Examples of graphs for calculating the sound insulation of air noise according to the method under consideration and according to the methodology of regulatory documents are presented.

Keywords: sound insulation of air noise, reduced mass, concentrated mass, method of discrete (concentrated) parameters, longitudinal waves, shear waves

The article considers the results of a study aimed at establishing the constants of enzymatic kinetics of biological treatment of domestic wastewater in low-oxygen bioreactors of the circulating type and proposes methods for calculating such structures using the dependences of enzymatic kinetics Michaelis-Menten. The technological mode of operation of the reactor implies a total oxygen regime of not more than 1.1 mg / l at horizontal flow rates of 0.25-0.3 m/s. The efficiency of wastewater treatment is achieved by increasing the mass transfer of oxygen to the sludge mixture and directly into the flocs of activated sludge, as well as due to aerobic granulation by built-in secondary settling tanks.

Keywords: nitrification, denitrification, activated sludge, aeration tank, granular activated sludge, biological treatment, domestic wastewater, low-oxygen treatment method, energy saving, resource saving, ecology

It is not always possible to use anchoring structures for securing vertical walls of excavations. Most often spacer structures made of pipes have to be used. A special distribution belt consisting of I-beams is required to redistribute the spreading forces from struts and the ground. This article presents the results of a study of structural options and the design of a support table for the spacing structures of walls in the ground (vertical walls of excavation sidewalls).

Keywords: Distribution belt, I-beam, support structure, table, excavation, spacer structures, T-bar, wall in the ground

The problem of increasing energy efficiency remains one of the most important for industries and human activity today. The construction industry is one of them.The problem of the construction of energy-efficient multi-storey residential buildings is closely related to the quality of construction control. The article discusses the main stages of the implementation of possible defects in the enclosing structures of a multi-storey residential building. The systematization of defects is given and the causes of their occurrence are presented. Solutions are also proposed to reduce the negative impact of poor-quality construction control of enclosing structures for the purpose of further study.

Keywords: construction control, energy efficiency, enclosing structures, multi-storey buildings

Results: in this article, the authors reviewed the process of workforce planning on the example of 3 General Contracting organizations. Having the technical documentation on the objects of the General contractors under consideration, the authors were able to deduce the number of workers during the construction of buildings. After analyzing the available statistics, we made a number of graphs showing the movement of monolithic teams on the objects. Based on the resulting graphs, the authors determined the average deviation of the actual number of monoliths from the planned one. Conclusions: the authors analyzed the dynamics of the construction of characteristic objects of different General Contracting organizations, indicating the difference in the values of the planned (projected) and actual labor resources at the facilities. Also, in this article the authors consider a number of the most used in the construction industry software systems for automation of labor resource planning processes, made their analysis and comparison of the main features and characteristics.

Keywords: Software systems in planning, current planning, labor resource, systematization of labor resource fluctuations, automation of planning, production program, labor resource planning

A new approach to the optimization of ribbed reinforced concrete slabs of variable height with prestressing reinforcement is proposed. The approach is based on the design situation, due to the requirements of the strength of normal and inclined sections with full compliance with the design and design requirements, taking into account the strength and cost indicators of the materials used. The paper studies the optimization of elements that operate in the range without the need to install the calculated compression reinforcement. The study was carried out on the basis of taking into account the regularities of the resistance of reinforced concrete and the main provisions of the regulatory documents governing design and development activities in the Russian Federation, as well as relevant works of domestic and foreign scientists relevant to research in this area. The research method used is a structural-analytical analysis using the correlation dependences of the studied factors. Analytical dependences and graphic materials are presented that establish the optimal parameters of the element at the minimum cost of materials in order to use them in design practice. Recommendations for design are given, providing a structure of minimal cost and meeting the requirements of strength and durability. The results of the work indicate that measures to reduce the cost of the slab should be aimed primarily at reducing the cost of prestressing reinforcement. The conducted studies provide an opportunity at the design stage to determine the directions for reducing the cost of the product and justify the choice by rationally assigning the height of the slab, as well as the variable use of concrete and reinforcement of various classes.

Keywords: reinforcement, normal section, inclined section, optimization, prestressing, strength, ribbed plate, cost

The use of composite materials based on epoxy matrix and carbon or glass fibers for strengthening of existing timber structures of buildings is analyzed. Main benefits and limitations of composite materials are discussed. High tensile strength and stiffness, light weight, corrosion and chemical resistance and relative ease of application without changing the static scheme of structures or stopping exploitation makes fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) suitable for strengthening of timber structures, including those in cultural heritage buildings. Application of FRP in the tension zone of elements under bending helps to arrest crack opening caused by defects and to better exploit the plastic compressive behavior of wood. The use of FRP is limited by their cost, low thermal resistance and limited research and normative documents base. Concluded that further study of materials properties, behaviour of strengthened elements under different types of loading, strength and durability of a bonded joint under different temperature and moisture conditions is required.

Keywords: external strengthening, timber structure, wood, composite, lamella, reconstruction, fiberglass, carbon fiber, reinforcement, epoxy resin

The work is devoted to the search for an optimal design solution for columns of a 16-storey monolithic reinforced concrete residential building with a minimum cost of materials. The modern approach to the constructive solution of high-rise buildings assumes multipolarity at the design stage. Meeting modern requirements determined by human needs, durability and functionality of housing and other parameters, the essential importance of economic indicators is also noted. A special approach to the design stage as an attempt to consider in detail the preparatory stage (the choice of the section and class of concrete columns in buildings made of monolithic reinforced concrete) is justified by the relevance of the problem considered in the article.

Keywords: Reinforced concrete columns, frame calculation, Lira-SAPR, concrete class variation, optimal design of reinforced concrete structures, calculation of a 16-storey building

The article examines the analysis of the current state of the social infrastructure of dual-use facilities, including the values of indicators for achieving strategic goals and objectives, and the question is about further development prospects. The analysis is carried out on the example of the dynamics of the number of military consumers.

Keywords: social infrastructure, design object, dual-use objects, dynamics, provision of services, maintenance of the territory, garrison, type

One of the most relevant areas in construction is the improvement of methods of reconstruction of buildings and structures. An innovative solution to this issue is considered to be the reinforcement of construction objects with composite materials, in particular, the reinforcement of structures made of natural anisotropic material - wood.

Keywords: wood, carbon fiber, composite, materials, reinforcement, structures, reconstruction, restoration, labor intensity, cost, strength, deformability.

The article considers internal adjustable sun-protecting jalousies from their different functional efficiency pant of view. It is noted, that besides their main sun-protective function, adjustable jalousies possess some other functions, depending on the position of their horizontal planks. These functions can be successfully used for microclimatic internal environment creation of comfortable. These are natural lighting function, psychological contract with surrounding environment function and function of visual isolation, i.e. “privacy”. and so on. All the above functions usually have maximum efficiency of their qualities in the case of their individual consideration. This, as a rule, is not practically reasonable. That is why this work is aimed on optimum combination of the man functional characteristics of horizontal sun-protecting jalousies under necessity of their mutual consideration, i.e. in achievement of their functional universality.

Keywords: sun-protecting devices, horizontal jalousies, functional characteristics, comfort of internal environment, optimization, insolation, visual comfort, functional universality, natural lighting

This article examines the range of issues related to the construction of the subway in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, using the example of the newly built Thu Thuem area as an example. The problem of construction lies in the difficult mining and geological conditions of Ho Chi Minh City. The geological structure has terrigenous-mineralogical associations, which makes the underground tunneling of the subway lines very difficult. Therefore it was decided to build the subway on trestles, but the calculation of foundations on terrigenous-mineralogical associations requires a detailed geological study.

Keywords: subway, terrigenous-mineralogical associations, overpasses, geological structure, Ho Chi Minh City, geological structure, Thu Tiem district

The main message of the scientific article is overview of types construction concrete structures at low temperatures. Two main methods of concreting at low temperatures are considered. The first method is using of antifreeze additives. Second method is application of electric heating of concrete with PNSV heating cable. In end of the article shows a technical and economic comparison of these method, is given a short calculation.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, concreting, low temperatures, hardening problems, concrete strength, antifreeze additives, electric heating of concrete

The results of the studies show that the manufacturer of composite materials for the consumption of reinforced concrete structures depends and produces materials for reinforcement, material properties and their quality. Such a thing requires the study of properties, fixing in the structure of materials. The article is devoted to the appeal. A program has been specially developed for influencing structures with unexplored, but the most popular composite materials in Russia, in particular, in the Rostov region. Certain parameters of reinforced structures that will be checked during the testing process. The program of the experiment was designed in such a way as to capture the most important reinforced concrete structures used in construction.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, composite material, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, external reinforcement, deformations, compressed elements

When designing flat reinforced concrete slabs, the most complex and responsible structural unit is the area where the slab is supported by the column. This is due to the action of large concentrated efforts and the greatest density of reinforcement. In view of this, the issue of choosing calculation methods that most accurately estimate the punching capacity for suchstructural units is relevant. The article analyzed experimental data for 73 samples of flat reinforced concrete slabs without shear reinforcement from 10 different sources and compared with the results of calculations of the punching shear resistance according to SP 63.13330.2018, EN 1992 Eurocode 2 and Model Code 2010.

Keywords: punching shear resistance, flat reinforced concrete slab, static load

The choice of options for strengthening reinforced concrete structures is based on a large number of factors based on technical capabilities and economic efficiency. Modern construction requires new reinforcement methods that allow reducing labor costs and work time, while maintaining the aesthetic appearance of a building under construction or being restored. The stumbling block is the issue price and the reliability of new amplification methods. For this purpose, known and used reinforcement methods based on materials such as reinforced concrete and metal were compared with a fairly new reinforcement method used materials based on carbon fabric. This article provides examples and results of calculations for the reinforcement of a column with a reinforced concrete, metal and composite cage. Based on the results of the calculations, a technical and economic comparison of the existing reinforcement options was carried out.

Keywords: "concrete, reinforced concrete, composite material, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, external reinforcement, deformations, compressed elements