Construction practice shows that in addition to the need to strengthen the supporting structures of buildings and structures, there is a need for repair and restoration work of reinforced concrete power transmission line supports. With local damage, followed by corrosion of the internal reinforcement, which plays the most important role in containing the resulting bending moments, modern reinforcement methods are either expensive or impossible to perform. In this scientific work, a proposal is presented to strengthen such structures by replacing damaged metal rods with new ones, while new rods are connected to existing special ferrules. The reinforcement process ends with the sealing of damaged areas with high-strength putty. The paper presents the amplification technology and presents all the positive properties of the new amplification method.

Keywords: heavy concrete, power transmission line support, reinforced concrete, compressed elements, coupling, reinforcement

Reinforced concrete structures with prestressed reinforcement are a problem when it is necessary to restore or strengthen them, especially when the prestressed reinforcement is damaged or has significant corrosion. Typically, such structures have large dimensions or cover large spans. Given the scale of work to replace such structures, the development of options for strengthening or restoration is an urgent issue. One of the most complex structures with prestressed reinforcement is a high-rise power line support with an annular section. Its work in the natural environment is exposed to destructive factors that lead to the removal and destruction of prestressed reinforcement. This article is devoted to the development of a method for strengthening the damaged section of the reinforced concrete pylon of a power transmission line by replacing and prestressing the destroyed rod. The paper presents the technology of the amplification method and the main positive properties.

Keywords: heavy concrete, power transmission line support, reinforced concrete, compressed elements, threaded coupling, reinforcement

The article presents the development trends of prefabricated-monolithic frame systems (PMFS) in the countries of East Asia, mainly China and Japan. The presented PMFS have different features in comparison with technologies used in European countries and the USA, which are dictated by several factors: geographical features, high population density and uneven distribution in the territory, the continuing need accelerate of construction rates. Based on the analysis results of open information sources there were singled out 4 bearing framework formation systems , actively used by the large construction companies. The presented systems combine structural and technological solutions of modular, hybrid and prefabricated-monolithic construction. The use of bearing structures joints which makes it possible to erect buildings with a high class seismic resistance at a significant number of storeys is considered in detail. In the conclusion, the main features of the Asian PMFS, which have no analogues among the other systems, have been summarized. The results obtained can be used as basis for further larger and more effective development of the civil prefabricated-monolithic buildings.

Keywords: civil construction, prefabricated-monolithic construction, modular, hybrid, structural parameters, load-bearing structures, analysis, comparison, advantages, disadvantages

The article provides an overview of the applied digital technologies in construction, the problems of their development.

Keywords: digital technologies, BIM model, 3D printing of buildings, construction production, estimate, 3D scanning

Based on available literary and photographic sources, a retrospective analysis of the main ancient Greek public buildings was carried out, as well as architectural spatial and planning solutions and features of the formation of modern sports and leisure centers (SDC) on the basis of cultural and leisure centers (KDC) were analyzed. SDC, as a special case of KDC, is a unique structure that obeys uniform principles of formation, identified on the basis of foreign design of KDC in urban development, is a point of attraction of the population, characterized by a variety of functional components as part of multi-level, physically unified spaces, with a predominance of function, which is a specialization of the center, adapted to the leisure of the population and adapted to the needs of low-mobility groups of the population. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop similar TPC projects for domestic design experience.

Keywords: sports and leisure complex (SDC), cultural and leisure complex (KDC), urban development, point of attraction, leisure, scale of development, complexity of development, design trends, urban planning trends, planning trends, engineering and technical trends

This article presents the main achievements of the foreign engineering school in the field of research and application of composite materials to reinforce wooden structures. Some options for reinforcing glued and solid wooden elements are considered. The results of tests of reinforced wooden structures are analyzed. Errors made during the manufacture of samples and the course of testing are noted. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of the conducted research.

Keywords: wooden structure, prestressing, composite beam, tensile zone, carbon nanotubes, load-bearing capacity, epoxy matrix, carbon fiber, lamella, rebar, wood collapse

Alternative approaches to estimating the stiffness of corrosion-damaged beams taking into account localization of corrosion focus and corrosion damage development of concrete based on the model of V.M. Bondarenko are considered. The following methods of determining displacements of corroded reinforced concrete beams of rectangular cross-section are considered. In the first one, the stiffness of the beam in determining the deflection is considered to be constant. In this case, the corrosion-damaged deflections values may be underestimated due to failure to take into account the actual work of reinforced concrete. In the second, the deflection is calculated considering the height of the concrete compression zone that varies along the length of the beam. For these approaches, stiffness reduction in the beam sections in the presence of corrosion damage to the concrete of the compressed zone is modeled. It is shown that in the presence of corrosion damage, the deflections of the structure can significantly increase, which requires mandatory consideration in the life cycle of load-bearing structures of structures when assessing their mechanical safety.

Keywords: reinforced concrete beams, strength of reinforced concrete elements, bending stiffness, deformability, corrosion damage of concrete, height of compressed zone, deflections.

The article presents an analysis of existing methods for determining the stiffness parameters of bent reinforced concrete elements reinforced with external reinforcement based on carbon fibers. The results of comparing the results of the determination of stiffness by practical methods and laboratory tests are presented. As a result, general conclusions and recommendations were made for further research of this issue, as well as the general parameters of the carbon fiber-based reinforcement system needed to be taken into account.

Keywords: external reinforcement, carbon fiber, reinforcement, restoration

The calculation for progressive collapse with variation and comparison of different scenarios was carried out for the frame of a unique high-rise building of a multifunctional complex. At the first stage, the calculation was performed in a quasi-static formulation, the maximum deflections for two destruction scenarios were determined. The requirements for the state of limited operability in conditions of progressive collapse are completed. At the second stage, the calculation was made in a dynamic formulation. A modal analysis of the frame was previously performed in order to determine the forms of vibrations that will correspond to the expected deformations of the structure in the event of the occurrence and development of the process of progressive collapse. It is established that the maximum deflection of the plate when calculated in a dynamic formulation is 27.6% greater than in a quasi-static one. The residual deflection after the attenuation of the oscillatory process is 4.6% less than in the static calculation. Therefore, the object of study is safe from the point of view of the possibility of an emergency situation, accompanied by partial destruction of load-bearing structures.

Keywords: parametric architecture, evolution of shaping, aerodynamics, finite element method, analytical surfaces

This article presents the results of the study, the impact of recreation on a person, the functions of recreation are presented and studied, classifications are proposed and, taking this into account, the types of recreational activities are derived.

Keywords: industrial buildings, interior space, architecture, recreational areas, interior gardening, architectural forms

The existing hot water supply system of a 17-storey apartment building commissioned in 2010 is considered and its scheme is described. A laboratory study of the dismantled sections of the defective pipeline was carried out. It is shown that the entire inner surface of the pipe is covered with longitudinal cracks of uneven shape, different lengths and depths. A microscopic examination of the pipe section revealed areas of insufficient adhesion of the reinforcing layer with the inner layer of the polypropylene pipe. It is established that the main reason for the appearance of pipe defects in the form of numerous cracks, the formation of bubbles and fracture with a short service life is associated with the formation of a rupture of bonds between layers and the use of low-quality polypropylene pipes.

Keywords: pipe, polypropylene, defect, crack, swelling, water supply, reinforcing layer, technology, construction, aluminum

The paper provides an overview of research in the field of modeling the heights of urban areas. The diversification of building heights leads to an uneven distribution of urban climate parameters. Building height maps can help improve urban management. The reviewed papers outline methods for urban scale modeling based on image recognition. Urban geometric models are built for the cities of the United Arab Emirates, China, Germany, and Japan. The research shows that both radar and optical models can be used to predict building height, but a synergistic combination of both data sources produces the best results. However, there is currently no globally agreed spatially detailed survey of the distribution and concentration of the building stock. Understanding of vertical urbanization should complement the horizontal urbanization and help sustainable land use and urban planning.

Keywords: high-rise buildings, urbanization, urban scale modeling, urban morphology, urban microclimate, Google Earth, air flow, thermal environment, wind environment, calculation of building heights

А comparative analysis of individual indicators of the classical and new methods of strengthening reinforced concrete structures is given, a possible option for increasing the level of efficiency of external composite reinforcement is shown. The elements of the research program are presented, with a description of the materials and the main characteristics of the samples.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, concrete, rebar, composite materials, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, reinforcement, external reinforcement, experiment

The article discusses the features of numerical modeling of the limits of fire resistance of structures under the influence of standard and hydrocarbon temperature regimes. After carrying out the assessment using the proportionality coefficient, it is necessary to carry out a verification calculation of the structure tested under the standard temperature regime of the fire, and if the results obtained coincide, the calculation of the structure under the hydrocarbon regime.

Keywords: fire resistance of concrete building structures, standard fire temperature regime, hydrocarbon fire regime, fire resistance

The essence of the proposed is the arrangement of the frame from the channel around the coating beam. At the same time, the frame elements can be subjected to controlled effects, in the form of overvoltage in them, which is realized by specially installed traction brackets. The study of the proposed structural and technological solution, implemented by a channel frame, was carried out using digital technologies based on numerical modeling. In the proposed calculation model, the beam reinforcement area was changed due to the introduction of a reinforcement frame. In the Etabs software package, using the finite element method, transverse forces and moments were calculated in the newly formed system - a beam plus a channel frame. The paper considers the issue of the influence of the frame on the transverse force in the beam. Using the technology of processing large arrays of numbers, a mathematical model of the process was obtained when the beam was reinforced with a channel frame. A consistent analysis of the mathematical model was carried out, which allowed to state the correctness of the decision and assign the design dimensions of the device and its technological parameters.

Keywords: reinforced concrete beam, reinforcement, channel, reinforcement, shear force, load, numerical method, mathematical modeling, numerical modeling, mathematical model, Etabs software package

The deformation model is a fairly flexible tool, which allows solving a wide range of problems in the design of reinforced concrete structures. At the same time, important tasks are the choice of a material stress-strain diagram that most accurately reflects the deformation of the structure under the accepted conditions, and the assessment of the influence of the type of the accepted diagram on the results of calculating the bearing capacity and deformations of the structure. The article compares the results of calculating the bearing capacity and curvature of beams depending on the shape of the accepted concrete deformation diagram and the structural parameters of the element (section height and reinforcement ratio).

Keywords: deformation model, stress-strain diagram, bending element, transverse section

The article discusses the method of thermal disinfection of hot water systems, its features and effectiveness, provides various schemes that ensure the processing of the system and the destruction of legionella bacteria.

Keywords: hot water supply, thermal disinfection, legionella, hot water schemes, centralized hot water systems

As part of the optimization of the design solution, studies of a cylindrical rod roof with increased rigidity of the support ribs and taking into account the reinforcement of the system with puffs were carried out. The required distance between the tension elements along the length of the structure is determined and the dimensions and shape of the section of the lower ribs are proposed. An optimality criterion with control parameters has been developed and three standard sizes of rods for the greatest efforts have been taken into account. Internal force factors and node movements with and without reinforcement are obtained. A positive redistribution of efforts on the surface and a decrease in the deformability of the roof were revealed. The dependence of the main geometric parameters on the mass is established.

Keywords: cylindrical rod roof, stiffness of support ribs, reinforcement by tightenings, optimization, forces, displacements, mass

The results of studies of wet gas purification in a countercurrent scrubber for the purification of hydrogen sulfide-containing combined-cycle waste from oil and gas industry enterprises, and wastewater treatment and transportation systems are presented. A technical and economic comparison of various technologies for the purification of hydrogen sulfide-containing gas mixtures is presented

Keywords: steam-gas waste, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen sulfide-containing gas mixtures, gas purification, electrochemical oxidation, electrolysis

Based on the beginning of the least work, theoretical dependencies were obtained to determine the internal forces in the elements of the combined trussed system. The analysis of the calculation results of a trussed beam with four posts was carried out and the physical side of the phenomenon of bending during the interaction of the main structure of the trussed beam with elements of a multi-post truss was revealed.

Keywords: truss beam, combined system, multi-column truss, relative eccentricity, potential energy

The article discusses a new type of reinforced concrete columns with local prestressing of reinforcement. Such elements can be used for high flexibilities and eccentricities of the longitudinal force, for example, in the construction of industrial buildings. The derivation of resolving equations for determining the stress-strain state of the structures under consideration at the stage of prestressing is presented. Equations are obtained for calculating the level of prestresses in reinforcement, at which technological cracks are formed, expressions for determining stresses in concrete and reinforcement, as well as the deflection of the column at the manufacturing stage. The calculation algorithms are implemented numerically in the MATLAB environment. A comparison of the calculation by the author's method with finite element modeling in the LIRA software package in a three-dimensional setting is presented, taking into account the physical nonlinearity of concrete.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, columns, prestressing, stress-strain state, reinforcement, manufacturing stage, technological cracks, deflection

The main elements of the system of external reinforcement of bent reinforced concrete structures are fabrics and lamellas. Fabrics and lamellas are glued to the surface of building structures in a polymer matrix. The matrix provides adhesion of the reinforcing filler with the reinforced structure. The price of reinforcement with carbon lamellas is several times higher than for reinforcement with carbon fabric. The article shows a comparison of proposals on the market of building materials for the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with lamellas based on carbon fibers. On the example of a reinforced concrete beam of four types of cross-section, a comparative analysis of the selected reinforcement systems under different temperature conditions was carried out, a conditional utility coefficient was identified, showing the ratio of price to the percentage reinforcement of the structure. The results obtained can be used to select the most cost-effective composite reinforcement system.

Keywords: reinforced concrete beams; strengthening; composite material; carbon lamellas; external reinforcement; operating temperature

The analysis carried out in the article showed that the sacred architecture of Ingushetia is represented not by separate objects, but by sacred complexes, which always include three objects of worship, corresponding to the triune deity appearing in three persons: the main male deity, the secondary male deity and the female deity. The second conclusion related to the first, all sacred complexes of Ingushetia can be attributed to Christian architecture. Four groups of sacred complexes were identified: the temple of Thaba-Erda, general atronymic significance, patronymic significance, generic complexes. The last two groups are discussed in detail. It was revealed that sacred complexes reflect the processes of nativization of Christianity, both in the interaction of Christian and pagan mythology, and in the deification of the nature of a particular place. The architecture of each object individually may seem primitive, but the architecture of the entire complex as a whole, including the path from object to object, views of the surrounding space of mountains and gorges, a system of sacred trees and stones along this path, the movement of the sun is a unique phenomenon.

Keywords: medieval architecture of Ingushetia, sacred complexes, traditional cultures, nativization of Christian culture

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the architectural features of the sacred complexes of Galgai-che of the XIII-XIV centuries. on the territory of Ingushetia. In the context of the natural-spatial arrangement, the manifestations of religious contamination in the spatial organization and external forms of "folk" temples are considered. The originality of the options for "folk" temple building was revealed. The peculiarities of temples characteristic of late Nestorianism were revealed. This method is used for the first time to study the sacred complexes of Ingushetia. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the fact that a comprehensive study of planning, space-dimensional solutions and construction equipment of churches allows us to confirm their dating and attribution, to establish the chronological proximity of the monuments.

Keywords: Folk temple building, architecture of the Middle Ages, traditional architecture of the Vainakhs

Designing foundations and foundations for buildings and structures of high-rise complexes is a complex engineering task. Modern architectural concepts and constructive solutions should be based on geotechnical justification at the stage of developing the architectural design of the project. Huge loads from above-ground structural elements of high-rise buildings and the high cost of measures for the installation of underground structures create their own characteristics in the design of foundations. In this paper, we study the problem of choosing the type of foundation for a high-rise building from the point of view of technical and economic rationality based on studying the experience of designing complex multifunctional complexes in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The authors believe that the choice of a constructive solution for the foundation of a high-rise complex is influenced by both geological factors and socio-economic ones. The result of this study is the grouping and systematization of the geotechnical factors of the building area and the economic factors of the urban environment that directly or indirectly affect the construction projects of high-rise complexes.

Keywords: high-rise complexes, slab and pile foundations, combined foundation, RIT-piles, geotechnical calculation, geotechnical monitoring, geotechnical factors, socio-economic factors, rational choice