This paper summarizes the study and analysis of numerous published sources, the results of experimental work to identify the species composition of microorganisms dispersed rocks, the nature and extent of their participation in corrosion process of construction of engineering structures. Experimentally established species composition of microflora of dispersed rocks the Rostov-on-Don city, lists the most active species capable of damaging protective coatings and metal. Are briefly characterized some of the mechanisms of interaction of the products of microbial activity with building materials that lead to corrosion. Identified species has the ability to destroy the materials containing organic derivatives. Indicated lithological varieties of dispersed rocks within which biocorrosion can proceed more intensively.

Keywords: corrosion, micro-organisms, disperse rocks, engineering constructions, metal structures, bacteria, actinomycetes, micromycetes.

The evaluation of degree of soil pollution the Lower Don and the Azov Sea region by nickel (Ni). Given the main geochemical characteristics of the item, its impact on human health at concentrations exceeding the MAC. Considered the main sources of Ni in the geological environment of the Rostov-on-Don city; analyzed migration routes. Allocated and described lithogeochemical anomalies with the contents of the element 1 to 3.5 MAC. Calculated basic geochemical criteria, according to which the identified categories by degree of soil pollution.

Keywords: heavy metals, migration, dispersed rocks, soils, concentration, technogenic sources, waste water, pollution, lithochemical anomaly.

Considers the results of laboratory modeling on research of the adsorption properties of dispersed rocks in relation to heavy metals associated with technogenesis the example of nickel (Ni). It presents data on the adsorption element by samples of various lithological varieties of rocks that form the subsoil strata of Rostov-on-Don city. Are determined mobile forms of Ni; evaluated the intensity of the adsorption process, lists the factors that determine changes in the Ni content of the section. The obtained experimental scientific information is important in solving the environmental, health and social and engi-neering-geological problems.

Keywords: clay rocks, physical and chemical adsorption processes, concentration of chemical elements, ionic exchange, industrial sewage water, filtration, clay minerals, sorption capacity, experimental solutes, сations