Authors considered the thermal inertial properties of some building envelope constructions which included the changes of internal surface layer materials. Researchers described the thermal and physical characteristics of 6 building surface layer materials. It has been determinate the radiant temperature of building envelope inside surface with changes of wall construction after 225 hours cooling process and initial temperature equal to +23 оС. Authors defined the cooling time of building envelope inside surface to 0 оС at different types of surface layer materials. Numerical experiment was done with modern program complex “Stf”. Modeling process was completed in program which was realized with finite difference method and constant heat transfer coefficient. There are new experimental results which were determinate during the research and realizing the mathematical model of non-stationary element’s cooling process. Results could be interested for researchers of thermal phenomena in building envelopes and designers of microclimate engineering systems in buildings and structures.

Keywords: air temperature, radiation temperature, stationary regime, non- stationary regime, building envelope, emergency regime, thermal inertia, inside surface layer, program, building materials

The article shows the importance of analyzing the state of strength properties of old wood during restoration work and monitoring the state of the structure. In particular, the physical and mechanical properties of wood during long-term use in an aquatic environment are analyzed. Changes in the chemical composition of wood as a result of use in the water of the Gulf of Finland are determined. Using the example of logs of the crib foundation of the Kronshlot fort, it is described how a change in the chemical composition of the material affects its strength properties.

Keywords: Mechanical properties of wood, long-term strength, chemical composition of wood, water-soluble extractive substances

Slag-alkali binder (SAB) is obtained by polymerization of granulated blast-furnace slag (aluminosilicate component) ground in a ball mill with an alkali activator, resulting in an environmentally friendly hydraulic polymer binder. Slag-alkali concrete (SAB) based on SAB has become an alternative to traditional concrete based on portland cement (PTC). Reinforcement bars in combination with SAB make it possible to obtain concrete structures with high adhesion properties to reinforcement compared to concrete based on portland cement. However, due to differences in the production process of SAB, there are obvious differences in technical properties, including adhesion characteristics. However, proper standardization is needed for its production and operational testing to limit contradictory results in the laboratory and on the construction site.

Keywords: metallurgical waste, granulated slag, crushing, chemical activation, reinforcement, adhesion, strength

The production of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is associated with significant dust emissions into the production room, so the aspiration system plays an important role in the technological process. The study of dust in industrial product waste released into the work area is one of the objectives of the ongoing research. This work provides information on the dispersed composition of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles, and various graphs are constructed based on the data obtained. Data on the deposition rate of UHMWPE particles were obtained experimentally. A comparative analysis of the obtained data with theoretical data obtained using formulas was carried out.

Keywords: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE, dispersed composition of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, sedimentation rate of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene particles, method for studying the properties of raw high molecular weight

The article analyzes the evolution of the architectural and spatial structure and recreational complex of mass housing in the largest cities of Southern Russia in relation to the socio-professional structure of the population from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present day. The research method is based on the provisions of the concept of the evolution of residential architecture based on the development of a recreational complex, developed by Professor V.M. Molchanov. The research method consists of conducting a retrospective analysis of the architectural and spatial structure and recreational complex of housing in the largest cities of Southern Russia based on the study and processing of literary sources, graphical analysis of the prevailing APS residential development in each designated period. Based on the revealed relationship, the social foundations of the formation of the architecture of mass housing in the period under review were revealed. Based on the results obtained, a forecast was made about prospective forms of organization of the architectural and spatial structure of the dwelling, taking into account current changes in professional groups of the post-industrial era, including a growing number of workers employed in the information sphere, culture and education. The conclusion is substantiated about the prospects of medium-rise urban development, which provides active recreation and professional work for a significant part of the modern urban population.

Keywords: architectural and spatial structure, urban housing, mass housing, recreation and wellness complex, social foundations of design, socio-professional structure of the population, evolution of housing

This article discusses the problem of determining the parameters of the underground structure during large-block construction. The construction of buildings from large modules is a method of building construction, which is based on the use of ready-to-assemble modules of large sizes. This construction method allows you to significantly speed up the process of building construction, reduce construction costs, and ensure a high level of quality and functionality of structures, primarily due to the fact that these structural blocks are built in factory conditions. They can be made of various materials such as concrete, steel or composite materials. These modules can include not only walls and partitions, but also floors, ceilings, electrical wiring, plumbing and other elements, which reduces the assembly time on site.

Keywords: large-block construction, construction of the underground part of a large-block structure, building structures, technologies and organization of construction production.

This article is devoted to the study of the advantages and disadvantages of the underground location of public facilities. Advantages such as: favorable acoustic conditions, stable temperature and humidity conditions, natural protection of the object from vibrations, natural noise protection of the object, aesthetic, economic and functional effects from the potential absence of a ground part, increased service life, lack of influence of weather conditions, inexhaustibility of underground resources, the possibility of improving engineering networks, independence from topographic terrain conditions. The following disadvantages are also considered: increased financial costs for construction, the presence of stereotypes regarding the psychological comfort of staying in an underground space, the lack of daylight. In conclusion, the article concludes that it is necessary to develop architectural methods and techniques to compensate for the disadvantages of the underground location of public facilities.

Keywords: architecture, underground architecture, underground space, public underground facility, architectural methods, underground urbanism, underground theater "Shanghai Culture Plaza Theater", underground ice complex "Gjovik", Ihva University campus

The stability calculation of a П-shaped hinged frame is considered. The concept of r-like frames is introduced as frames with the same ratio r of the linear stiffnesses of the transom and the strut. It is shown that the parameter vcr , which determines the critical load on the frame, is the same for r-like frames. Approximate formulas allowing to determine the critical load parameter vcr and design lengths of compressed bars with an error not exceeding 2% are obtained.

Keywords: flat frame, stability, critical force, reduced length coefficient, r-like frames, approximation, least squares method

In modern architectural design, a balance is being sought between preserving the value of ancient monuments and the need to create a modern comfortable, aesthetic, well-maintained urban environment using modern technologies, styles and methods. This contradiction makes it difficult to implement such projects to integrate historical and cultural monuments into the modern environment, which leads to a decrease in the quality of urban structures. In the article, using the example of the historically developed Gremyachaya Gora complex, which includes an element of the cultural heritage object "The Complex of Fortifications of the Roundabout City" in Pskov – the Gremyachaya Tower, the main problems preventing the implementation of various design solutions are identified, as well as modern architectural trends and techniques used when working with ancient objects located in the natural landscape are investigated. The author of the article proposes an up–to-date concept of the formation and use of the Rattlesnake Mountain complex, the basic principles of which are implemented in one of the most successful projects of recent decades on this topic - a tourist center organized on the basis of the medieval Hammershus fortress in Denmark.

Keywords: Preservation of cultural heritage, Yu.P. Spegalsky, Architecture of ancient Pskov, the Gremyachaya Gora Complex, regeneration of the urban environment of ancient settlements

The article examines current trends in the design of multifunctional residential complexes (MHCs), reflecting changes in the requirements for the urban environment and social demands. The historical stages of the evolution of the MCC are analyzed, starting with ancient civilizations and ending with modern concepts of sustainable development. Special attention is paid to such key aspects as flexibility and adaptability of spaces, environmental sustainability, integration of high technologies, as well as social and community integration. The article also highlights additional trends such as polycentricity, autonomy, regulation of the boundaries of responsibility of residential units, functional and typological intensification of courtyard spaces, the principle of openness and transparency. It is concluded that modern housing and communal services strive to create a sustainable and comfortable urban environment capable of adapting to changes and meeting the needs of residents.

Keywords: multifunctional residential complex, sustainable architecture, autonomous architecture, adaptive architecture, residential environment, residential buildings

In the context of the administrative-territorial organization of Kuban, key features that determine the formation of church architecture are identified. Particular importance is given to the complex of architectural and urban planning solutions that were envisaged during the construction of Orthodox churches in Yekaterinodar. The individual, not preserved objects of church architecture in the historical period under study, recognized as significant for this settlement, are noted. The historical plan of Yekaterinodar of the first 19th century with established residential areas, religious buildings and structures is designated. A retrospective analysis of the placement of these objects in the architectural and planning structure of the city was conducted. Visual illustrations presented in the scientific study contribute to the structuring of the material. Attention is focused on the preservation of historical memory through objects of Orthodox heritage.

Keywords: church architecture, Cossacks, Kuban, religion, church, Orthodox churches, architecture, object, structure, appearance, tradition

The problem of building a model of an intelligent system for continuous monitoring of the density of asphalt concrete mixture for vibrating rollers is considered. The methodology and theoretical foundations of the construction of such systems for road machines were considered by the author earlier in the author's publications. Four models of functional dependencies of compaction quality indicators on variable dynamic parameters of the system are proposed. An algorithm that implements the proposed method is presented, as well as scientific results obtained on the basis of measured signals of vibration parameters in a field experimental study during the construction of the upper layer of asphalt concrete pavement of a highway. Scientific results were obtained on the basis of the analysis of data of variables in the time domain.

Keywords: intelligent system, fuzzy neural network, asphalt roller

A method for recording holograms using digital cameras with high spatial resolution is considered. To register holograms obtained in optical setups with an inclined reference beam, a high resolution of registration systems is required. To do this, it is necessary to use media with a resolution of 2000-4000 lines per mm. The use of photographic plates requires a fairly long exposure and development time, which is usually done separately from the optical setup. In the case of holographic interferometry systems, it is necessary to provide for mounting the hologram back into the optical setup with sufficiently high accuracy. Therefore, digital holography methods have been developed to record holograms on photomatrices with limited resolution. These methods are based on the use of optical schemes at small angles (less than 5 degrees) between interfering beams. Recently, sensors with a single element size of 1.33 µm and 0.56 µm have appeared. This resolution makes it possible to return to registration schemes with angles between interfering beams of 30-60 degrees. This allows us to hope for the revival of holographic methods and methods of holographic interferometry at the modern level without the use of intermediate recording media.

Keywords: digital holography, high spatial resolution photo matrix, tilted reference beam holography, Fourier transform

Nowadays, numerical methods are widely used to realise complex calculations.Verification of the correctness of the numerical calculation results is a relevant task. The validity of the results can be confirmed by determining the stress-strain state by various methods. This paper presents the results of the calculation of thin isotropic ring spherical shells of constant thickness with half-shell angle in the range of (90-170) degrees by two numerical methods. The results of solving the system of differential equations of the general moment theory of shells with the use of the computer mathematics system (Maple 2017) and the finite element method (FEM) are discussed. The given examples show that the calculation results with the use of the selected finite element KE-44 coincide with an accuracy of 10-15 % for shells with a half-shell angle of 120 degrees. When the angle is increased to 170 degrees, the difference in function values becomes significant. The paper gives some examples of calculation of ring spherical shells under the action of one and three annular loads. The variation of axial and radial displacements, of meridional bending moment for shells with the ratio of radius of the curvature to shell thickness 25, 50, 100, 200 is shown. Plots of meridional bending moment and moment isopole are given.

Keywords: elastic, spherical shell, numerical method, computer mathematics system, finite element method.

One of the causes of local overheating of submersible electric motor caused by the presence of a significant variation of electromagnetic parameters of rotor packages (RP) in the assembly of submersible electric motor is investigated in this paper. Due to the presence in the assembly of RPs with an active resistance much lower than the average resistance of the assembly, the electrical losses in RPs with resistance higher than the average increase, respectively, their heat generation increases. With the help of statistical analysis methods, the distribution of electromagnetic parameters as a two-dimensional random variable was investigated, the "convolution" of the two-dimensional distribution law was constructed. The analysis of the "convolution" of the two-dimensional law of distribution of electromagnetic parameters of the RP showed that there is a high probability of a significant scatter of parameters of the RP in the assembly.

Keywords: submersible electrical motor, rotor package, statistical analysis, local overheating, interrepair period

The paper presents an algorithm for modeling production and economic characteristics for obtaining crop products, with the help of which planning problems are solved using multi-level parametric programming methods under average and unfavorable operating conditions for commodity producers. Since time series of characteristics associated with the production of products can be described by trends to assess adverse events, an algorithm for their identification was used based on the construction of multi-level trends according to the idea of ​​​​the hierarchical structure of the time series. When using this algorithm, a sequence of local minima is formed from the original series, a trend is built, and levels located below this trend, called unfavorable events, are identified. The assessment of the probabilities of these events is determined by the distribution law, which describes a number of differences in actual data and trend values ​​of a sequence of local minima. In the absence of trends and considering series of characteristics in the form of random variables, statistical and physical criteria are applicable to identify unfavorable events. As such, it is proposed to use the average value of local minima. Of the adverse events received, the smallest of them are distinguished, which represent rare events. Based on the identified events and other characteristics, the problem of optimizing the production of agricultural products is formed, the solution of which allows us to obtain optimal production volumes in accordance with maximum incomes corresponding to the calculated probability of events. A comparative analysis of planning results under average conditions and taking into account unfavorable events shows the likely losses of commodity producers at the enterprise and municipal district level.

Keywords: parametric programming, trend, adverse event, production and economic characteristics, crop production, losses, risks

This article explores various architectures of neural networks in order to create models in the field of agriculture, with an emphasis on their use in livestock farms. The paper describes the architecture of Kolmogorov-Arnold networks, considers the stages of data collection and preliminary preparation, the learning process of neural networks, as well as their implementation. As a result, models were developed using Kolmogorov-Arnold networks and a multilayer perceptron. The study compared the effectiveness of the proposed architectures. The experiment demonstrates that Kolmogorov-Arnold networks have higher accuracy in predictions, which makes them a promising tool for forecasting. The developed model has been integrated into the livestock information system being developed to predict the growth, health and other indicators of animals, allowing for more accurate management of the growing process.

Keywords: precision animal husbandry, Kolmogorov-Arnold network, modeling, neural network, monitoring, cultivation, data modeling, forecasting

Numerical methods for calculating shells provide a wide range of solutions when varying various parameters. The object of this study is a mathematical model of thin isotropic elastic shells of revolution of constant thickness. The problem is solved from the position of moment theory.To determine the stress-strain-state of the shell, the solving system is obtained by transforming the basic systems of equations of rotational shells by moment theory and the variables separation. All SSS and load components are decomposed into Fourier series along the circumferentail coordinate. A programme in the Python programming language was written to verify the numerical solution by a computer mathematics system (CMS-Maple 17). Matplotlib library was used for plotting graphs. Examples of numerical calculation of ring spherical shells for the action of ring loads are given. The variants of action of one and two ring loads on shells with different conditions of support along the contours and different half shell angles are presented. The difference between the calculation results of the two methods for bending moment functions and displacement functions is tabulated. The highest value of the difference is 0.0015%. Plots of the variation of meridional bending moment under the action of two ring loads are presented. The variants of rigid pinching along the contours and hinged support are considered. Exsmples are given for shells with the ratio of radius of curvature to shell thickness equal o R/h = 25, 50, 150, 200. Considered of the half shell angles equal to 90, 100, 130 degrees.

Keywords: rotation shell, spherical, isotropic, elastic, computer mathematics system, Python programming language

Automatic classification of electrocardiogram signals will allow providing timely medical care to patients when providing first aid. Neural network models of electrocardiogram signal classification, including the stage of preliminary signal processing, allow increasing the accuracy of classifying electrocardiograms into a particular category of arrhythmia. The paper presents a computational method for preliminary processing of electrocardiogram signals, including noise reduction using discrete wavelet transform and extraction of morphological features using frequency analysis methods. The results of modeling the classification of 12-channel electrocardiogram signals using the stage of their preliminary processing showed an increase in classification accuracy by 23.2% compared to classification without preliminary signal processing.

Keywords: electrocardiogram signal classification, long-term short-term memory neural network, metadata, signal preprocessing wavelet transform, spectral analysis, PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021

The article shows the importance of the role of clinical engineering departments in ensuring high-quality comprehensive control of the state of medical equipment at all stages of its life cycle. The main resource of such departments is the resource of working time of clinical engineers. In order to rationalize the use of this resource, we analyzed data on the time budget for the maintenance of 2459 units of medical equipment in medical institutions of Volgograd. The results of the analysis allowed us to identify 3 subgroups of medical equipment in the general data array that have statistically significant differences in the time characteristics of their maintenance and require a different approach to managing the time of clinical engineers servicing them. At the final stage of this study, ABC-XYZ analysis was used. Its results allowed us to formulate recommendations for rationalizing the use of working time of clinical engineers to work with the subgroups of medical equipment identified in this study in practical conditions.

Keywords: clinical engineering, clinical engineer, time budget, maintenance of medical equipment

This article presents the results of simulation of the stress-strain state of the base under dies with a stepped shape of the bottom of the support. Numerical modeling was performed using Plaxis 2D. The results of modeling stamps with different angles of descent of steps with an equal surface area of ​ contact with the soil showed the dependence of stresses and displacements on this parameter.

Keywords: effective foundation, shallow foundation, columnar foundation, die with convex support surface, stepped sole, soil mechanics, settlement of foundations

The article considers modeling of nonlinear electrical conductivity of a biological cell using the equivalent circuit method. The paper proposes a nonlinear model of the electrical conductivity of a biological cell based on the use of nonlinear active and passive elements. The main mechanisms that determine the nonlinear nature of the electrical characteristics of a cell, including the phenomena of cell membrane polarization, are considered. To verify the model, a comparison of calculated and experimental data on the electrical parameters of biological cells is carried out. It is shown that the use of a nonlinear equivalent circuit allows more accurately reproducing the real behavior of cells in a wide range of applied voltages. The presented modeling technique can be applied to study the electrical properties of various types of biological cells, as well as to develop new electronic devices interacting with living systems. The article considers a complex nonlinear dependence of the electrical conductivity of a biological cell on voltage, which is caused by the interaction of two ion channels with different characteristics and resonance effects created by a series circuit. The method of equivalent circuits made it possible to create a single model that combines components responsible for ionic conductivity, capacitive properties of the membrane and resonance phenomena associated with the presence of electropores.

Keywords: mathematical modeling, equivalent circuit method, software, biological cell, computational research, electrical conductivity

The laboratory base in higher educational institutions should be equipped with modern stands with equipment that corresponds to the technological level of the real equipment of industrial enterprises. Practical training of highly qualified engineering personnel in the field of industrial automation is one of the key factors in the technological development of the material production sectors of our economy. The formation of students' skills required by the real sectors of the economy is possible only during practical and laboratory classes using laboratory stands based on modern domestic equipment. The article discusses the issues of designing and constructing a mobile multifunctional laboratory stand for the industrial automation based on the programmable logic controller of the national production SPK110, provides a functional diagram and wiring diagram of the laboratory stand, provides a complete list of electrical components used to create the stand. The performed economic assessment of the manufacture of the laboratory stand gives grounds to conclude that it is economically feasible to produce such stands by the staff of the departments of industrial automation. The article also shows the experience of introducing this laboratory stand into the educational process of bachelor's degree preparation in the direction of 15.03.04 “Automation of technological processes and productions". The laboratory stand based on the SPK110 is a multifunctional, mobile stand designed to implement multi-level tasks of industrial automation, which can also be used as a visual aid when conducting career guidance and exhibition events in extracurricular premises. The project to create the laboratory stand can be scaled up in other higher educational institutions of our country without spending time on the preparatory and research parts.

Keywords: programmable logic controller, laboratory stand, industrial automation, automation of technological processes and productions