The main problems of wear of the upper layer of asphalt concrete pavement during intensive use, from the wheels of the vehicle, the roadbed of public roads are considered. The task is to increase the strength characteristics of road pavements from hot mix asphalt, taking into account the use of lime-containing components in the composition of the mineral powder. To achieve this goal, the factors influencing the increase in the operational parameters of road surfaces are considered. The use of lime-containing components with high chemical activity is substantiated. The physical and chemical properties of lime form a structured layer of bitumen in the zone of contact with mineral substances, which is resistant to the aging process. There is an increase in strength and water resistance due to the high adsorption capacity and chemical activity of lime-containing components. During intermolecular interaction in the contact zones of calcium oxide grains with an organic binder, a coagulation-condensation structure is formed. Crystallization structures are shaped like crystals and evenly distributed in the mixture before the formation of the asphalt concrete pavement, which leads to increased strength and shear resistance. According to the results of experimental studies, the road surface is characterized by increased strength and water resistance. A conclusion was made about the effect of the use of lime in the composition of mineral powders on the performance properties of road surfaces.

Keywords: asphalt concrete coating, performance indicators, strength, water resistance, structure formation, lime, calcium oxide

For the possibility of installing overhead cranes, steel columns of an industrial building are made in steps, with the allocation of crane and crane parts. The basis of the upper and lower parts of the column are steel I-beams with a mismatch of the central axes. As part of the work, variant modeling (using CAD) of a steel column that is part of the U-shaped frames of industrial buildings, consisting of crane and crane parts, was carried out. Various solutions for the difference of the central axes of the crane and crane parts of the column in the model are proposed. The results of static calculation of column elements are obtained. A comparison of the results obtained is made, an analysis of the optimal method of modeling column elements for structural schemes is performed. Based on the calculations performed and the analysis of the results obtained, conclusions are drawn.

Keywords: industrial building, I-beam, finite element method, stress-strain state, node, rod, circuit

Lighting design using computer–aided design systems is an urgent and in-demand necessity that is being actively improved. The possibilities of importing and exporting 3D- models of objects into circuit modeling programs are considered, and the supported formats of 3D models of objects in three-dimensional modeling programs are compared. The main formats of photometric data files used in each of the programs for working with lighting projects are listed, examples of correct and incorrect import of three-dimensional models of objects for further work on creating lighting projects are given. The ways of solving the problems of importing and exporting object models, taking into account the textures scaled on the model itself, are proposed. The programs are considered with the allocation of opportunities and features of work in each of them. Various additions to the programs aimed at working with textures for three-dimensional objects are presented.

Keywords: automation of lighting modeling, import, export, 3D object model, texture, program, data format, lighting design

This article describes methods for measuring the characteristics of drinking water using microwave technologies, provides their comparative characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of research by resonance methods are shown, the prospects for their application for further research are shown. Dielectric constant of substances, its influence on resonance.

Keywords: microwave technologies, resonant and non-resonant methods, water purification, drinking tests, dielectric constant

The article considers the process of relaxation of fibrous material after the action of the load on it is completed. A simple model of the relaxation process is constructed in the form of an exponential function, which describes this process quite accurately. It is determined that the relaxation time estimates are robust with respect to the parameter distributions. The constructed relaxation models make it possible to estimate the magnitude of the residual relative strain corresponding to the plastic strain of the material.

Keywords: relaxation, deformation, fibrous material, robustness, Monte Carlo method, exponential model, regression

English is an analytical language, so in English, the word order is important for understanding sentences and phrases. Practicing construpcting noun phrases with the correct order of adjective requires constant practice with feedback. As teachers' time for verifying assignments is limited, we propose to use a tutoring system, which can generate step-by-step feedback. It will help students develop the skill of arranging adjectives in the correct order.

Keywords: tutoring system, ontological modeling, natural language processing, English, adjective order, hypernyms, automated verification of the learners' answers

The results of a study of the effect of hardening the roof of workings of small length, of arbitrary shape, with a cross section of up to 80 m2, with advanced anchoring, which can significantly reduce the displacement of soil outcrops, are presented. The analysis shows that it is not possible to completely eliminate soil fallouts; therefore, a complex of studies of a stress-strain (SSD) soil mass, reinforced with a protective screen, was carried out. Finite element modeling (FEM) has established that advanced anchoring up to 15 m long does not work effectively, since the anchors are located in the zone of soil slippage. Increasing the length of the protective screen anchors to support their ends outside the sliding prism makes it possible to increase the stability of soil outcrops in the face.

Keywords: underground construction, stresses, displacements, hardening, anchoring, modeling, finite element method

The paper analyzes the features of the spread of flare emissions from precisely identified sources of atmospheric emissions in the Irkutsk region using the trajectories of air mass transfer according to calculations using the HYSPLIT model and the "Fire Map" service from SCANEX. Estimates of the movement of flare emissions were made, the dominant directions of air mass transfer and their distribution in the regions of the Irkutsk region were noted. The impact of the natural and geographical features of the region on the spread of flare emissions was also assessed.

Keywords: HYSPLIT, flare emissions, PM2.5, PM10, atmospheric air pollution, black carbon, settled dust, Irkutsk region

In article there is considered the application of the finite difference method to plate bending problems. There are done the calculations of simply supported rectangular plate on an elastic foundation by the finite difference method and to verify the results there is done comparison with the results obtained by double trigonometric series. For more accurate results is studied the degree of discretization of the finite difference mesh.

Keywords: finite difference method, plate on an elastic foundation, Winkler model, governing differential equation of the plate, finite difference operator

The article considers the influence of seismic load with different ballistics on aboveground steel gas pipelines of various diameters in areas of possible earthquakes. The change in the proportion of seismic load to the total load acting on gas pipelines during operation is investigated.

Keywords: seismic activity, loads on gas pipelines, analysis of seismic activity, degree of seismic hazard

The article presents a method for calculating short-circuit currents in a DC traction network. The system of group grounding of supports, considered in the article, is equipped with an additional conductor that improves the working conditions of the entire section of the electrified railway by reducing the resistance of the short circuit loop.

Keywords: group grounding of supports, short-circuit current, electrified railway, traction network, fiber-optic communication line.group grounding of supports, short-circuit current, electrified railway, traction network, fiber-optic communication line

The ability of Baghdad's higher education facilities to accept new students is examined by conducting a predictive demographic study of the population of Baghdad. The number of first-year undergraduate students who will enter Baghdad's higher education institutions has been determined each year from the base year (2020) to the target year (2040). Official government statistics on university education and population were inventoried and analyzed, and it was found that the gap between existing and required higher education facilities in the target year is widening. This study is the basis for the development of methodologies and plans for the development of higher education facilities in Baghdad. Having carried out a demographic analysis of the population of Baghdad using the program (Spectrum) and according to indicators obtained from official population statistics. Students for each year to the target year was predicted by deriving a simple mathematical formula. Using official education statistics, the number of students who should be provided with additional higher education facilities was also calculated. Thus, by the target year, the need for additional higher education institutions in Baghdad was demonstrated. Since the number of students is rapidly increasing towards the target year, it is therefore necessary to develop a time-based methodology to solve the problem of providing higher education in Baghdad in accordance with the findings of this study.

Keywords: Facilities of higher education, demographic indicators, population forecasts, urban development, Baghdad, program (spectrum)

The paper considers the types and classification of industrial PID controllers according to various types and groups. A group of linear controllers has been identified, which includes PID controllers, which are most widely used in various technical devices. Some well-known software systems that provide calculations for PID controllers are given. The transition from the mathematical notation of the trapezoidal expansion of the transfer function of the PID controller, used in the PID Tune option of the Matlab environment, to the equivalent transfer function, represented by the symbolic coefficients of the numerator and denominator polynomials, is shown. A theorem is proved that shows a one-to-one correspondence between the parameters P, I, D of the controller and the coefficients of the resulting transfer function. Flowcharts of algorithms for calculating transfer function coefficients (TF) from known values of controller parameters and calculating transfer function coefficients from known values of controller parameters are given. An illustrative example is considered.

Keywords: PID controller, transfer function, block diagram of the algorithm, Matlab environment

The article deals with the formation of a violator model in an attack on an important state facility. The classification of violators by types is described. The article proposes the simplest model for evaluating the effectiveness of violators' collusion.

Keywords: ntegrated security, methods, models, security forces, offenders, important state facilities, clashes between security and attack forces, offender models

The paper discusses the problem of building a unified system for a metallurgical enterprise that integrates heterogeneous information systems of various purposes, such as Computerized Information Systems (CIS), Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Process Automation Systems (PAS). Data exchange with various automated systems of the enterprise is carried out by a special Data Exchange Module with Automated Systems of the Enterprise (DEMAS), which is implemented as a web service. DEMAS aims to ensure guaranteed information exchange between information systems and store information in a single data repository.

Keywords: information system, engineering process, metallurgical company, integration, web-service

The paper analyzes the thermal regime of a highly functional on-board control unit in an AMg6 aluminum alloy case and compares the obtained data with the thermal regime of a unit with a highly efficient heat sink made of composite materials. The calculation of the thermal field of the block was carried out using CAD tools based on the finite element method with a thermal application in order to assess its performance under given boundary conditions. Based on a comparative analysis of various heat-removing materials of the basic supporting structure, the least heat-stressed system was chosen.

Keywords: thermal regime, highly efficient heat removal, composite materials, on-board equipment, oxygen system, finite element method, mathematical model, computer-aided design system, electrical radio product, printed circuit board

This paper considers the modern classification methods of breast cancer histopathology. The main purpose of the study is to conduct an extended test of the trained model on data that fundamentally differs from the training dataset. We chose a large Russian dataset with different types of classification as the training dataset. The dataset contains images with different resolutions and magnifications. As testing data, the same dataset was used, but the resolution, color balance, brightness, and contrast of the images were changed. The classes in the dataset were unbalanced, so we applied augmentation methods (flipping and rotation). The models ResNet 152, DenseNet 121, Inception_resnet_v2 were selected for training. The transfer learning approach was used for training. The preprocessing of images consisted of normalizing the values of all image channels in the range from 0 to 1. The models had good results with standard testing methods. The resolution change slightly reduced metrics. The change in color balance, brightness, and contrast significantly reduced all metrics. The test results show that elementary normalization is not enough for high-quality training of models resistant to changes in input data.

Keywords: neural network, model, machine learning, breast cancer, cancer classification, artificial intelligence, transfer learning, histopathology

The flow that occurs during the movement of an elevator cabin in the shaft of a high-rise building from the -4th to the 58th floor is considered. The moving elevator cabin works like a piston and pushes air in front of it out of the shaft and draws air into the shaft behind it. This effect is especially significant in high-rise buildings, which are characterized by a high speed of elevator cabins movement. The STAR-CCM+ software was used as a research method. To simulate the non-stationary problem of the elevator cabin movement, the technology of sliding meshes was used. It was found that when the elevator cabin moved at a speed of 7 m/s, the maximum pressure drops formed on the surfaces of the elevator shaft amounted to 130 Pa. It was found that the maximum flow rate of air entering the elevator shaft and from the elevator shaft into the hall due to the piston effect is about 250 m3/h. This value is comparable to the flow rates formed due to natural movement of air in the elevator shaft caused by stack effect in winter and cannot be automatically excluded from consideration.

Keywords: high-rise building, numerical simulation, piston effect, stack effect, elevator shaft

Issues of high-quality and reliable water supply are closely related to automation and management of engineering systems for stormwater and wastewater treatment. Options for managing continuous technological processes formulate different goals. Different control algorithms correspond to different variants, and, consequently, different methods of algorithmic support systems and control system structures. The expediency of dividing the general task of sorption purification control into several subtasks of a smaller dimension is shown where the control system acquires a hierarchical structure: at the lower level, the task of separate adsorption tanks controlling is solved, at the upper level, the task of controlling the entire purification plant as a whole. The criterion of operational management is provided. The scheme of adaptive control of continuous sorption purification systems is given.

Keywords: stormwater and wastewater, automation and control, continuous operation systems, sorption purification, control algorithms, mathematical model, optimality criterion, autonomous and dispatcher modes, hierarchical control system

To analyze such significant indicator of the locomotive industry as the value of import customs payments, the dependence of the volume of import customs payments on weight, cost, weighted average rate and dollar exchange rate is examined. Mathematical modeling was carried out on the basis of monthly data during the period from 2019 up to 2021 of the volumes of customs payments and their parameters of the Group 86 of the Customs nomenclature of EAEU FEA "Railway locomotives or tram motor cars, rolling stock and their parts; track equipment and devices for railways or tram tracks and their parts; mechanical (including electromechanical) signaling equipment of all types". The interrelations of these variables are represented by a system of simultaneous structural equations. The import substitution trend developing in Russia implies strengthening the development of national industries and, accordingly, pursuing a customs policy that implies support for domestic producers and reduction of import supplies. Thus, it is relevant to determine the impact of various factors on the amount of customs duties levied by the customs authorities on foreign economic activity (FEA) participants in operations involving the import of spare parts and other goods for the locomotive building industry to make the right strategic decisions concerning customs restrictions on imports of goods of this industry.

Keywords: locomotive building industry, mathematical modeling, linear multiple regression, multicollinearity, system of simultaneous equations, identification, structural form of the model, reduced form of the model