Currently, high pressure sodium lamps are the light source in greenhouse vegetable growing. The most promising sources of artificial lighting are LED-based irradiators. They can provide a cooler temperature environment to bring plants closer to plants. The aim of the study is to determine the economic life of sodium and LED light sources in greenhouse vegetable growing, taking into account their degradation for the harvest. LEDs, like sodium lamps, degrade during use. This leads to a decrease in the light (photosynthetic photon) flux of light sources and, as a result, to a decrease in yield. Due to this certain functional dependence on the luminous flux level, the economically feasible life of the light is predicted.

Keywords: light sources, luminous flux, LED lamps, sodium lamps, productivity, energy efficiency, economy

The article is devoted to the issue of improving devices for cleaning gas station emissions from hydrocarbon vapors to improve the environmental safety of inhabitant zones and territories of residential development. It is known that emissions of benzene vapors belonging to the second hazard class have a significant problem in terms of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations at the borders of the sanitary protection zones of gas stations and nearby residential buildings. The largest part of the release of gasoline vapors entering the local aspiration systems is associated with the filling and emptying of fuel storage tanks at gas stations. To reduce emissions from gas station sources, it is proposed to use absorption-type devices in gasoline vapor recovery units. The article presents the results of experiments on a pilot - industrial plant set up with an apparatus for cleaning gas station emissions from benzene and other hydrocarbon vapors using a solution of a mixture of natural sodium-magnesium salts. As a liquid sorbent in such devices, it was proposed to use waste water from a gas station purification device in order to reduce the additional amount of waste generated during their operation. Based on the results of processing the experimental data, a graphical dependence and regression equations were obtained. The areas of aerohydrodynamic regimes at which the highest efficiency is achieved for the parameters of the apparatus of the studied modification are determined. This approach also makes it possible to reduce the negative technogenic impact of gas stations in terms of the generation of additional waste. The successful tests carried out have shown the reliable and efficient operation of the pilot plant set up with the proposed device.

Keywords: gas station, gasoline, emission, atmosphere, fuel, hydrocarbons, aspiration, absorption, device, bischofite, water

This article presents the results of studies of modes of regulation of heat energy supply to the network. Analysis of the existing (traditional) mode of weather regulation of heat supply to the network revealed a number of shortcomings, incl. low period of operation of boilers in effective modes. The proposed mode of supply of heat energy from the network will ensure a long-term efficient operation of the boiler units. It optimizes the consumption of heat energy for auxiliary needs by significantly reducing the number of starts of boiler units.

Keywords: boiler unit, temperature schedule, specific gas consumption, heat output, weather regulation

On November 10, 2017, new requirements came into force that apply to lighting devices and electric lamps used in AC circuits. In connection with the newly introduced requirements, calculations of power consumption in educational institutions were carried out at different times of use of the lighting load. The purpose of the research is to determine the payback period for the implementation of LED lamps instead of fluorescent lamps for various types of premises in educational institutions. The analysis of technical characteristics of LED light sources offered on the market of the Russian Federation is carried out. Based on the results of the calculations, the payback periods were obtained for the introduction of LED lamps instead of fluorescent lamps for public premises, laboratories, training workshops, as well as lecture halls of educational institutions, with different times of use of the lighting load. This can allow already at the design stage to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the selected light sources.

Keywords: light sources, led lamps, fluorescent lamps energy efficiency, electric lamps, lighting systems, educational institutions

The article considers examples of cities with a linear-elongated configuration. Issues of air pollution are considered, examples of components of pollutants coming from stationary and mobile sources are given. Statistical data on human diseases in the Volgograd region for the period 2008-2017 are presented. Considers the issues of monitoring for the city of Volgograd.

Keywords: linear city, highway, pollution, carbon monoxide, monitoring, monitoring posts, disease statistics, combined action, vehicles, noise, gas pollution, health, exhaust gases, length

The article considers the main sources of urban air pollution. The growth dynamics of vehicles in the city of Volgograd is shown. The law of the distribution of the concentration of carbon monoxide for a different category of roads (urban, regional and local values), both for the measured and calculated concentration of CO, is derived. It is shown that the concentration of CO on the curb of the roadway of different categories of highways is characterized by a mixed Gaussian distribution.

Keywords: carbon monoxide, category of highways, city significance, regional significance, local significance, main sources of pollution, primary areas, mixed Gaussian distribution, field studies, density function

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the environmental safety of highly urbanized territories. The article presents the results of field measurements of pollutants into the atmosphere from gas stations within the urbanized territories of cities of the Russian Federation. The largest part of the allocation of oil product vapors entering the local aspiration systems is associated with the operations of filling and emptying fuel storage tanks at gas stations. The results of field measurements of the values of hydrocarbon concentrations obtained on the basis of the values of maximum permissible concentrations of ingredients are presented. The conclusion is drawn on the feasibility of environmental protection measures to reduce emissions when finding housing in the border area of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of gas stations. To reduce emissions from gas station sources, it was proposed to equip the gas aspiration system of the gas feeling tank with an improved design of the absorption device. In order to reduce waste generation as a working agent in such devices, it was proposed to use wastewater with a certain amount of oil products from a local gas station treatment device. This approach also allows to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact of gas stations in terms of the formation of additional amounts of waste generated during their operation. Successful tests have shown reliable and efficient operation of the pilot plant with the proposed apparatus.

Keywords: gas station, gasoline, emission, atmosphere, concentration, hydrocarbons, aspiration, reservoir, pollution, oil product, pollution, water

The work is devoted to the consideration of problems and the state of use of alternative energy sources. The description of various types of refrigerating machines using solar energy for air conditioning systems of administrative and residential buildings is given.

Keywords: solar energy, secondary heat sources, absorption refrigeration machines, lithium-methanol bromide mixture.

The article considers a number of the most significant factors affecting the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The influence of meteorological conditions on the dispersion of pollutants in the atmospheric air by various methods of calculating the dispersion is considered.

Keywords: linear city, noise, vehicles, main roads, road categories, noise control

An experimental study of the combustion of mixtures of hydrocarbon fuels in a water heater was carried out. The dependences of the outlet temperature of the heat carrier on the composition of the fuel in two cases were established: a mixture of methane and propane-butane fuel, a mixture of methane and hydrogen.

Keywords: hydrocarbon fuel, variable composition, heater, reclaiming, energy efficient and environmental combustion

he article is devoted to the question of selection of aerodynamic parameters of drying in the apparatus of the filtered-fluidized bed of dispersed particles – carbon-black containing wastes materials and granules of sodium salts in solution of modeling problems. The design of the studied gas pressure distribution grid fluidized bed of dispersed materials of the tray kind provides the possibility to efficiently fulfill the drying process at relatively low speeds of the drying agent. It is allowed to reduce the removal of particles of material from the bed and its exhaust into the atmosphere. The average flow rate of gas motion and the number of fluidization for the main stages of the filtered-fluidized bed of the studied materials and aerodynamic parameters (drop pressure losses) are determined. It was found the fluidization number in the range 1.25-1.5 and the bed height was about 0.25 m. The total aerodynamic drop pressure losses of the dispersed materials’ bed and had acceptable meanings within range from 90 to 130 kg / m2. For the recommended range the coefficient was equal 30-45. Data were obtained on the phases of fluidization, the values of the aerodynamic parameters of drying, and the areas of operating conditions that provide a fairly uniform circulation of the material in the layer and reliable operation of the apparatus.

Keywords: modeling, drying, waste, dispersed material, fluidization, bed, velocity, aerodynamics, pollution, atmosphere

Made of a priori ranking factors allowing prediction of thermal protection of objects, represented a formalized scheme of the multifactor experiment, the effects of the determining factors for the thermal protection of the object with a different response function.

Keywords: energy saving, energy efficiency, thermal protection of buildings, multifactorial experiment, ranking factors

Aspects of determination of pressure losses in local resistances at hydraulic calculation of underground polyethylene gas pipelines are considered. Calculation of coefficient of local resistance of saddle branch of firm FRIALEN (Germany) is resulted. The analysis of the dependence of the local resistance coefficient on the geometric parameters of the main gas pipeline and the gas pipeline-input is given.

Keywords: gas pipeline, hydraulic calculation, pressure loss, coefficient of local resistance, gas consumption, geometrical parameters

The article deals with the verification study of the heating gas apparatus ""IMMERGAS ""for heating and hot water supply systems by the method developed at the Department of"" heat and gas supply and ventilation ""DSTU in accordance with GOST 20219 – 74""heating Gas appliances with a water circuit."" The results of processing of the gas system installed in the property (residential building) Rostov – on –don, street 1 – I Kombinatskaya, building 2. The main attention is paid to the main indicators of the gas apparatus of the heating system in conjunction with the hot water supply. The main indicators are: efficiency (η), heat loss with exhaust gases (q2) and in the environment (q5), as well as the excess air ratio, which has a significant impact on the efficiency of the heating apparatus.

Keywords: heat balance, natural gas, efficiency, excess air ratio, heat of combustion, amount of heat, temperature, heat loss, heating

the article presents a possible concept of improving the flat solar collector in order to intensify the heat exchange process, which increases the quality and efficiency of the equipment under consideration. A brief description of the proposed configuration of the device is given. The positive aspects of such technology are described

Keywords: energy saving, heat exchange process intensification, independent heating circuit, irrational energy consumption

the article considers the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the solar collector by improving its heat exchange panel, which is implemented by optimizing the heat exchange processes using the concept of combining the thermal properties of different metals. The positive aspects of this method are described. A brief description of the comparative analysis is given

Keywords: heat exchange panel, energy saving, solar installation, alternative energy sources, thermal properties, heat transfer optimization, solar collector, heat exchange intensification

the article presents experimental studies of a low-power boiler with a furnace of a high-temperature fluidized bed with recirculation of outgoing gases in stationary and transient modes of operation. The experimental installation of the boiler KVP-1,74 WKS with recirculation of outgoing gases is represented and described. The results of experimental studies of the dependences of the coefficient of excess oxygen at of the volume of the recirculation of exhaust gases of the boiler KVP-1,74 VTX at nominal and partial loads, based on the percentage of fuel saving of the boiler from the amount of recirculation of exhaust gases of the boiler KVP-1,74 VTX at nominal and partial loads boilers, graphs of transient processes in boiler "KVP-1,74-VTX" with recirculation of flue gas when changing the fuel consumption, GRAPHS of the comparison of transients in the boiler "KVP-1,74-VTX" with recirculation of flue gas when changing fuel consumption.

Keywords: high temperature fluidized bed, exhaust gas recirculation, experimental studies, automation system

The article presents the solution of the technical and economic efficiency of capital investments in the reconstruction of the heat supply systems of municipal and departmental entities of the Russian Federation using the criteria for choosing a rational reconstruction option. The economic-mathematical model was developed using modified Cobb-Douglas two-factor production functions in relative coordinates.

Keywords: heat supply system, high-temperature fluidized bed, capital costs, operating costs, economic and mathematical modeling, production functions

In this article, the object of the study are the types of recuperators used in air handling units in order to compare their efficiency and payback period. Heat exchanger-a heat exchanger of surface type for the use of waste gas heat, in which the heat exchange between the heat carriers is carried out continuously through the wall separating them. Depending on the temperature of the flows, their rotation speed and rotor speed, we determine the efficiency of the recuperator. Payback of the heat exchanger depends on the climatic parameters of the region, its efficiency, the type of coolant and ventilation mode during the day.

Keywords: heat exchanger, heat exchange, moisture exchange, cold exchange, coolant, plate, rotary, heat pump, efficiency, energy consumption, heater, payback

The centralized heating system does not have a particularly flexible operation. Often one can observe a situation where people in the middle of winter are forced to open windows so that the temperature in the room becomes more or less acceptable. The purpose of this article to consider advantage of use of automatic regulators, to disclose their principle of action and influence on hydraulic stability of a heating system.

Keywords: thermostatic valve, hydraulic stability, thermostat, room microclimate, hydraulic resistance, circulation rings, coordination of the heating system, radiator, room temperature, balancing

The article presents the concept of creating automation systems for three types of low-power power plants with a fluidized bed. A review of coal combustion technologies in the high-temperature and low-temperature fluidized bed was made. The characteristic of functional and technological features of the working processes of low-power boilers with furnaces of high-temperature fluidized bed is given, with the formulation of the main conceptual provisions defining the basic principles of building automation systems

Keywords: high-temperature fluidized bed, low-temperature fluidized bed, active boiler utilizer, conceptual position, automation

The work is devoted to the problem of production of heat exchangers of the "pipe-edge"type. The task is relevant, because today a large number of companies produces and repairs finned heat exchangers. A review of the existing methods of finning, among which, the most effective at the moment is considered to be high-frequency current finning. Considered and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each method of industrial finning tubes.

Keywords: heat exchanger, finning, cross-screw rolling, contact welding, arc welding, high frequency currents

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the environmental safety of the construction industry by improving dust collectors of dust removal systems for the aspiration schemes of the construction industry/ It was proposed use additive-integrated dispersive analysis of variance of dust particles emissions throw out into the atmosphere by aspiration systems. The article proposes the improvement of complex analysis of variance using hydrodynamic criteria in output functions. Modified output data and additive-simplex allows getting approach to evaluate characteristics - equivalent sizes and speeds of sedimentation-soiling of dust particles with a higher degree of accuracy of the results. It makes possibility to determine the ranges of size’s and velocities’ changes with real ability. It is possible to obtain more reliable data of sedimentation rates and equivalent particle sizes for the studied dust samples of building materials using the distributions of the hydrodynamics criteria. Analytical approach to determining the density’ distribution of the numerical values of the hydrodynamics criteria in the output function allowed us to clarify the more real values of sedimentation rates and the equivalent particle sizes and the range of their changes both. This way analysis of variance of dispersed dust particles could call additive-complex or simplex approach. The obtained regressions in processing the research results were used in the development of devices for capturing dust of dispersed building materials from emissions. This way could significantly reduced dust leakage out from aspiration collectors of decreasing dust systems while purifying emissions at the building enterprises. This approach is one of the most effective ways to improve the environmental safety of the building industry.

Keywords: Dust, building material, dust collector, cleaning, leakage, analysis of variance, velocity, sedimentation, criterion, emission, atmosphere, dust removal, aspiration

This article presents the results of an experimental study and evaluation of the application of a method for optimizing fuel use by the ratio of the power of a boiler unit in a block-modular boiler house and setting the power of a burner on the combustion steps. As a result of the study, the criteria for the application of this method to the existing block-modular boiler house, the factors having the greatest influence on the efficiency of the boiler units are determined.

Keywords: heat transfer intensification, optimization of fuel use, cogeneration mode, energy production, combustion mode, boiler, condensation, gas flow turbulization, waste heat boiler

The article deals with the issues related to the study of aerodynamic and energy characteristics of the two layout solutions of mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems - with the placement of the fan before and after the heater. Based on the use of graphoanalytic method of studying the parameters of the fan in the ventilation network, the dependences determining the aerodynamic and energy characteristics of the systems in three characteristic modes of their operation - at ambient temperatures equal to the design, the average temperature of the heating period and +8 ° C are obtained. The obtained dependences indicate that the installation of the air heater after the fan allows to increase the level of energy efficiency of the system in comparison with the placement of the air heater in front of the fan in the cold period of the year under the thermally unsteady operation of the supply ventilation system.

Keywords: fan, air heater, ventilation system, air conditioning system, power, energy saving, energy efficiency, non-stationary mode, the cold period of the year, the method of imposing characteristics