In the article there was considered a possibility of off-grade materials utilization for making fine concrete with a multicomponent complex additive applied. Use of fine sands as raw material for fine concretes is actual for many regions in Russia because of deficiency of sands of necessary fineness modulus. There was considered the issue of utilization of fine sand and stale cement for reducing cost (loss), widening materials’ assortment for low-rise building, and energy- and resource-saving. To achieve the assigned purpose a multicomponent complex additive was applied. The research was carried out in full correspondence with the adopted design of the fractional factorial experiment. The acquired results were subject to a preliminary analysis and processing, and consequently dependences of strength properties upon varying factors were obtained. The obtained dependences made it possible to select optimal ingredients’ proportion of the complex modifying additive in order to increase strength properties of fine concrete based on off-grade materials. It was established that the use of optimal consumption of the complex additive components allows increase strength properties by 25-30% in comparison with the reference composition.

Keywords: fine concrete, fine sand, stale cement, complex additive, fractional factorial experiment, strength

The article considers the problem of architectural and spatial formation of the local area of multi-storey residential areas from the point of view of psychophysiological perception. Negative and positive examples of the organization of local areas are given. An analysis of the architectural and spatial organization of the residential environment in specific residential areas of St. Petersburg was carried out. The features of the integration of “internal” and “external” in the formation of space directly at the “border” of street and house are revealed using examples of world architecture. Techniques for the architectural organization of open spaces in the local area, based on examples of foreign and domestic practice, have been identified.

Keywords: living environment, local area, courtyard, architectural space, scale, internal and external space

This work solves the problem of increasing the effectiveness of educational activities by predicting student performance based on external and internal factors. To solve this problem, a model for predicting student performance was built using the Python programming language. The initial data for building the decision tree model was taken from the UCI Machine Learning Repository platform and pre-processed using the Deductor Studio Academic analytical platform. The results of the model are presented and a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of predicting student performance.

Keywords: forecasting, decision tree, student performance, influence of factors, effectiveness assessment

The impact of the alkali NaOH on the structure and morphology of cellulose has been considered. Using X-ray spectroscopic microanalysis and electron microscopy, it has been determined that treatment of wood cellulose with aqueous solutions of NaOH allows to reduce the content of lignin in cellulose and significantly improve the topography of the fibers. A comparative analysis of alkali cellulose samples was conducted, obtained during treatment with NaOH solutions of 13.7% and 12.3% concentration for a process duration of 5.5 hours, at a temperature of 124 °C. It has been established that at the considered concentrations of NaOH, approximately ~75% and ~50% of lignin is removed from the original cellulose, respectively. The results of infrared spectroscopy indicate an increase in the amorphization of alkali cellulose. Alkali cellulose, formed at a NaOH concentration of 13.7%, exhibits superior morphological uniformity and a lower lignin content.

Keywords: wood cellulose, chemical treatment, alkalinity, lignin, X-ray spectral microanalysis, electron microscopy

Roads have a huge impact on the life of a modern person. One of the key characteristics of the roadway is its quality. There are many systems for assessing the quality of the road surface. Such technologies work better with high-resolution images (HRI), because it is easier to identify any features on them. There are a sufficient number of ways to improve the resolution of photos, including neural networks. However, each neural network has certain characteristics. For example, for some neural networks, it is quite problematic to work with photos of a large initial size. To understand how effective a particular neural network is, a comparative analysis is needed. In this study, the average time to obtain the HRI is taken as the main indicator of effectiveness. EDSR, ESPCN, ESRGAN, FSRCNN and LapSRN were selected as neural networks, each of which increases the width and height of the image by 4 times (the number of pixels increases by 16 times). The source material is 5 photos of 5 different sizes (141x141, 200x200, 245x245, 283x283, 316x316) in png, jpg and bmp formats. ESPCN demonstrates the best performance indicators according to the proposed methodology, the FSRCNN neural network also has good results. Therefore, they are more preferable for solving the problem of improving image resolution.

Keywords: comparison, dependence, effectiveness, neural network, neuronet, resolution improvement, image, photo, format, size, road surface

In modern society, problems related to the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly emerging. AI is used everywhere, and the lack of ethical standards and a code necessitates its creation to ensure the safety and comfort of users. The purpose of the work is to analyze approaches to the ethics of artificial intelligence and identify the parameters for evaluating approaches to create systems that meet ethical standards and meet the needs of users. Approaches to the ethics of artificial intelligence are considered. The parameters for evaluating approaches are highlighted. The main characteristics are highlighted for each parameter. The parameters described in this paper will help achieve better results when creating standards for the development of safer and more user-friendly systems.

Keywords: Code, parameters, indicators, characteristics, ethics, artificial intelligence

Road surface quality assessment is one of the most popular tasks worldwide. To solve it, there are many systems, mainly interacting with images of the roadway. They work on the basis of both traditional methods (without using machine learning) and machine learning algorithms. To increase the effectiveness of such systems, there are a sufficient number of ways, including improving image quality. However, each of the approaches has certain characteristics. For example, some of them produce an improved version of the original photo faster. The analyzed methods for improving image quality are: noise reduction, histogram equalization, sharpening and smoothing. The main indicator of effectiveness in this study is the average time to obtain an improved image. The source material is 10 different photos of the road surface in 5 sizes (447x447, 632x632, 775x775, 894x894, 1000x1000) in png, jpg, bmp formats. The best performance indicator according to the methodology proposed in the study was demonstrated by the "Histogram equalization" approach, the "Sharpening" method has a comparable result.

Keywords: comparison, analysis, dependence, effectiveness, approach, quality improvement, image, photo, format, size, road surface

The aim of this study is mathematical modelling of the southern part of the Siberian craton using the finite element method. The task of the study is to carry out mathematical modelling of the stress-strain state of the visco-elastic-plastic medium of the Yakutsk-Vilyui large eruptive province on the basis of the boundary value problem. Hypothesis of the study: the possibility of using the results of numerical study to determine the zones of mineral dislocations. In the southern part of the craton, on the territory of the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, there are the richest oil and gas fields, the largest of which is the Ust-Vilyuyskoye field located in the southern part of the craton. Research method: numerical experiment carried out by the method of mathematical modelling. Results achieved: finite element studies were carried out, the possibility of using numerical methods was determined, the stress-strain state of the plate was analysed, and the locations of anomalies of dislocations of craton rocks were determined to identify potential oil and gas bearing fields.

Keywords: craton, mathematical modeling, stress-strain state, geophysics, geotectonics, stretching, igneous province, material models, Hardening Soil model, finite element method, mineral dislocation

Prism spectral devices have a spectrum-variable dispersion and therefore a nonlinear relationship between the wavelength and the position of spectral lines on the focal surface of a spectral monochromator device, which makes it difficult to calibrate such devices in terms of wavelengths and dispersion.Most often, the well-known Hartmat formula is used for graduation. However, the accuracy of its calculation is satisfactory only in a limited spectral range, and therefore the calculation is carried out on overlapping areas no wider than 200 nm with averaging in overlapping zones. Averaging gives a calibration curve (and, accordingly, a dispersion curve) with gaps at the joints. In this paper, we consider the possibility of using a single calibration for the entire spectrum region, providing smooth, continuous calibration curves. The best result is obtained by using the Hartmann formula for the entire spectral range, after which a set of deviations of the calibration points is determined. This set is interpolated by a polynomial of an arbitrarily chosen order n using the least squares method.

Keywords: monochromator, spectrum, calibration, dispersion, Hartmann formula, interpolation, polynomial

Social and pension provision are key processes in the activities of any state, and the issues of forecasting expenses for them are among the most important in the economy. The task of evaluating the effectiveness of the pension fund has been solved by various methods, including regression analysis methods. This task is particularly difficult due to the presence of a large number of factors determining the activity of the pension fund, such as: the number of recipients of old-age pensions, the number of policyholders, self-employed policyholders, recipients of benefits, insured persons and working pensioners. As the main approach to the study, the method of implementing a model competition was applied. Those variants that violated the meaningful meaning of the variables and did not fully reflect the behavior of the modeled process were excluded from the resulting set of alternative model options. The final option was selected using the multi-criteria selection method. It is revealed that the use of relative variables is important for qualitative modeling of the studied processes. The above model shows that an increase in the ratio of the number of employers and the self-employed to the number of insured persons leads to a decrease in the cost of financing social and pension provision.The model can be effectively used for short-term forecasting of the total annual volume of financing of the pension fund department in the context of changing social and macroeconomic factors.

Keywords: pension fund, regression model, model competition, adequacy criteria, forecasting

This work examines the applicability of a specific force field model – ANI-2x – to the polymer polyphenylene sulfide. The order of the actions taken is given and, as a result, the radial distribution function of sulfur atoms in systems with different temperatures is compared. It was shown that qualitatively the ANI-2x field correctly describes the situation during the transition through the glass transition temperature.

Keywords: poluphenylene sulfide, classic molecular dynamics, machine learning, force field, potential, polymer, computer simulation, model

The paper presents the results of a study, the purpose of which was to automate the process of designing ventilation for a residential construction project. The ventilation system is one of the most complex life support systems of a building, which has a significant impact on the level of comfort of residents. Automation of the design of such a system will reduce the number of errors, reduce the time and labor required for design. During the study, the design process was considered as a business process consisting of individual works. When modeling this process in the “As Is” notation, the connection of the ventilation system with other engineering systems and a number of other important factors were taken into account. In the process model, the most time-consuming and, at the same time, algorithmizable works were identified. Subsequently, these works were automated using code created in the Visual Studio environment in C#. This made it possible to reduce the number of errors and reduce the time spent on creating a ventilation system project.

Keywords: automation, design, ventilation system, business process, Visual Studio

The article considers the problem of cryptanalysis of an information security system based on a difficult-to-solve problem of Diophantine equations. A mathematical model of such a protection system is described in the article and a solution to the cryptanalysis problem using an artificial immune system adapted for solving Diophantine equations is proposed. The paper discusses the basic principles of building artificial immune systems and presents the results of experiments on evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system of Diophantine equations of a degree not exceeding six. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using artificial immune systems to solve the problem of cryptanalysis of information security systems based on Diophantine equations.

Keywords: cryptanalysis, information security system, diophantine equations, artificial immune system, adaptive algorithm, efficiency assessment

The article presents the results of a survey of two industrial buildings, conclusions about their emergency technical condition and the inexpediency of restoration. Modern methods of demolition and dismantling of buildings in the cramped conditions of the existing urban development are analyzed. The main technologies of recycling dismantling and disposal of construction waste generated during the dismantling of buildings are considered: "smart demolition" and the technology of piecemeal disassembly of buildings with the reuse of materials, products and structures. Comparing the two methods of recycling dismantling for application to the objects under consideration, it is concluded that the first method of "smart demolition" implies the destruction of all building structures, while the second is more rational in terms of resource conservation and economic efficiency by reuse of serviceable structures. The technology of piecemeal disassembly of buildings with the reuse of structures requires the development of regulatory, organizational and marketing measures.

Keywords: building inspection, demolition, dismantling, dismantling methods, smart demolition, recycling dismantling, reuse of structures

Determining human emotions from speech is a pressing task at the moment, because it can be applied in various industries, such as economics, medicine, marketing, security and education. This work examines the recognition of human emotions specifically from speech, because speech is an informative indicator that is quite difficult to fake. The paper discusses a neural network approach to solving the problem. A recurrent neural network with LSTM memory was implemented, and our own dataset was collected on which the model was trained. The dataset includes the speech of Russian-speaking actors, which will improve the quality of the model for Russian-speaking users.

Keywords: neural network, emotion detection, speech, classification, deep learning, recurrent model, LSTM

This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of remotely connecting a user to an automation system controller, as well as analyzes the main methods and technologies used in this process.

Keywords: industrial controllers, remote connection to the controller, Modbus TCP