The subject area analysis and the information system design using the methodology of the object-oriented approach and CASE-technologies is carried out. The used CASE tools made it possible to obtain a visual model in the form of UML diagrams. The IS data structure and composition is described. The IS requirements are formulated. Technical requirement has been formed. UML diagrams describing the AIS are constructed at the design stage. The database of the information system was designed in the form of ERD diagrams, using the CASE-tool ERwin Data Modeler. Automatic generation of an SQL script was performed to create all tables and relationships in the selected DBMS MySQL, including primary and foreign keys, relationships between tables, database integrity, etc. The information system user interface was designed, too.

Keywords: subject area analysis, design, modeling, information system, object-oriented approach, CASE tool, UML language, UML diagram, ERD diagram

Artificial intelligence is currently used in numerous scientific and literary sources, including documentaries. Summarizing information material, highlighting the problem of reducing the loss of time when creating new objects, leads to the need to use elements of artificial intelligence. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial intelligence in the design of a cantilever beam under load.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, mechanics, cantilever beam, load, optimal design, resource saving.

The paper proposes a method for automatic classification of roads based on the use of a convolutional neural network Mask-R-CNN. The developed technique makes it possible to automate the task of categorizing roads, which is fundamental in the redistribution of traffic flows, since knowledge of the category of the road allows you to determine its maximum capacity. The article contains a description of the stages of training a neural network, as well as the results obtained when using it. The method of automatic road classification proposed in the paper showed good results both in classifying roads based on satellite images and in classifying roads based on photographs of road sections. When expanding the test set, the number of classes of recognized roads can be increased to match the categories of roads according to SP 34.13330.2021. In addition, this technique (in terms of segmenting objects in photographs) can be used to control the quality of the roadway.

Keywords: road categories, convolutional neural networks, satellite imagery, image segmentation, Mask R-CNN, image recognition, computer vision

The topic of monitoring the state of vegetation using satellite technologies is covered in this paper. The forming of fields' NDVI images is considered. It is proposed to supplement satellite images with new images which formed on predicted values ​​of the vegetation index. It can be helpful for timely detection of heterogeneous and defective areas of vegetation cover. The paper discusses methods for forecasting the NDVI values using Volgograd region as a study area. The results of training a recurrent neural network with the LSTM mechanism, as well as the results of training the XGBoost algorithm, are obtained. Based on the results of the training, the most important weather parameters affecting NDVI were identified. The performance of the trained models was evaluated using the RMSE metric.

Keywords: precision farming, vegetation indices, NDVI, forecasting, time series, LSTM, random forest

Simulation modeling of university scientific activity indicators Based on the developed original algorithms, the results of simulation modeling of the main scientometric indicators of the university and determining its place in the ranking of scientific activity are presented. The influence of the input control parameters of the system on the output integral indicators of the functioning of the university is analyzed, which allows us to propose projects of management solutions to achieve the planned values of indicators of scientific activity.

Keywords: simulation modeling, performance indicators, universities, scientific activity, publication activity, Web of Science, Scopus, RSCI

Society has always paid great attention to the problem of human behavior that does not comply with established social and generally accepted norms. Recently, interest in the problem of deviations in human behavior has increased significantly. Today, the study of deviant behavior is an interdisciplinary problem that is being solved within the framework of various scientific disciplines. Recognition of anomalies in human behavior is a complex and currently undisclosed research problem. In the process of identifying behavioral anomalies, the recognition of emotions by various signs plays a leading role. In order to increase the accuracy of the results, it makes sense to perform a comprehensive assessment of emotions on several signs at once, such as facial expression, posture, vocal signs (intonation, speech speed, etc.). The article presents existing algorithms and methods for recognizing emotions. The rationale for the choice of software product development tools is given. The functional requirements for the application are presented in the form of a diagram of use cases in UML 2.0 notation. The architecture of an Android application for recognizing anomalies in human behavior in the form of diagrams of components and classes of the conceptual level is shown. Prototypes of the user interface are demonstrated.

Keywords: abnormal behavior, algorithms and methods of emotion recognition, software architecture, functional requirements, user interface

Automation of test question generation consists of four main stages. The first step is to determine the target sentence from which it will be possible to generate a test question. This article examines the existing methods for determining the target sentence Both foreign and Russian language sources are considered. The paper considers such methods as automatic text abstracting, similarity of syntactic analysis, a rule-based method, a method based on ranking by keywords, an algorithm for summarizing documents based on the frequency of words.

Keywords: automatic test questions generation, automatic text processing, natural language processing, automatic abstracting, annotation

This article reports on the use of HPAW in AHS welding in the manufacturing industry. Fatigue durability of welded joints is investigated using these two methods. In addition, to find out the difference in fatigue life, an analysis is carried out both under an optical microscope and under an electron microscope.

Keywords: high-strength steel, hybrid plasma arc welding, gas arc welding of metal, fatigue, residual stresses

This article describes the formation of a training set for training language neural networks for their use in tasks related to the analysis and search for matches and / or correspondences in meaning / value, and specifically with functions and methods in the source code of a programming language. The key parameters required in the sample for the correct training of the neural network are determined.

Keywords: source code, machine learning, natural language processing, neural network, data analysis

One of the most important problems of our time is the excessive emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The article proposes a mathematical model of the system for monitoring the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The model is two-level hierarchically organized. Industrial enterprises act as a lower-level subject of management, and the state or its authorized body acts as a top-level subject. All subjects of management of the lower level seek only to maximize their gain. The main goal of the upper level entity is to maintain the quality of atmospheric air within the specified range. The problem is considered in a game setting. The Stackelberg equilibrium is constructed. The construction algorithm is specified, and it is programmatically implemented. An analysis of the obtained results is given, a number of conclusions are made about the optimal strategies of all participants in the system, based on the results obtained in the course of applying the Stackelberg algorithm.

Keywords: Stackelberg equilibrium, two-level hierarchical model, leading, trailing, carbon dioxide, Rosprirodnadzor, Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources

Increasing the throughput capacity of railroads is possible through the introduction of coordinate systems of interval regulation of train traffic based on satellite navigation equipment. Since the accuracy of coordinate determination by means of satellite navigation is unstable, it is proposed to use a local differential system of departmental purpose as a means to control the availability of navigation determinations GLONASS/GPS coordinate systems of interval regulation of train traffic. The method of differential pseudorange correction and the method of direct differential coordinate correction are considered. We analyzed the effectiveness of these methods in the Mathlad software package, using daily range measurements of stationary GPS stations located in Canada. The analysis showed that the method of controlling the availability of navigation determinations on the plane using direct differential coordinate correction is more stable and reliable in operation.

Keywords: satellite radio navigation, control of availability of the required navigation characteristics, accuracy of positioning in transport

During the construction, overhaul and reconstruction of highways, various transport and technical and hydraulic structures, timely and effective drainage of ground water through the use of high-quality drainage systems is of paramount importance. It is well known that the main cause of deformation and destruction of the roadbed is both surface and ground water. It is necessary to ensure good filtration capacity, high water permeability, strength characteristics and reliability of the drainage system, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the roadbed throughout the life cycle of the structure used. The authors of this article decided to set up an experimental section of the drainage system in the summer, during the period when the UGV is the lowest. A trench with the lowest permissible slope of water intake pipes is arranged primarily, depending on their diameter, they should be in the range from 0.001 (at d = 500 mm) to 0.007 (at d = 150 mm) and a depth of 40 cm below the UPG. The width of the trench is 45-50 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe. The bottom of the trench is leveled and compacted. After the trench is installed, a leveling layer of sand with a filtering capacity of at least 5 m / day is laid into it. and a thickness depending on the type of soil (loamy 15 cm, clay at least 20 cm), which is covered with a geotextile cloth so that the edges come out of the ditch with a sufficient margin for subsequent closure of the structure. The horizontal tubular drainage system should include inspection, drop-in and receiving wells. At the bottom of the trench, already with the geotextile laid, crushed stone of a fraction of 10-20 mm is filled in, with a layer thickness of 30 – 40 cm. Then the laying of drainage pipes begins, from the drainage well, in compliance with the slope. The next step in the installation of drainage pipes will be filling them with a layer of crushed stone, about 20 cm thick, and its subsequent sealing. After that, the structure is wrapped with geotextile cloths located on the surface with minimal overlap on each other, securing the joints with a rope or thin wire to prevent disclosure. The remaining part of the trench is filled with local soil with its layer-by-layer compaction.

Keywords: pipe filter, drainage system, non-woven geotextile, drainage pipe, filtration, water permeability, surface density, life cycle of the structure, ring stiffness

The article considers the relevance of the use of nanomodified concrete in construction. The compositions of the studied mixtures are given, as well as the methods of their preparation using ultrasonic dispersion, the results of the experiment on the destructive effect of standard samples of beams are obtained. The conclusions of the obtained experimental data are presented.

Keywords: concrete, foam concrete, carbon nanotubes, superplasticizer, dispersion

The article shows the procedure for structuring work on the creation or repair of linear objects on the example of highways. It is proposed to carry out the effective interconnection of works on the basis of improving the theory of complex flows. The formation of object flows is proposed, for this the entire length of a linear object is divided into separate sections, for which object schedules are developed. Object schedules are linked into a single complex flow. The results of calculations for combining object schedules according to various principles and their variant analysis to select the best variant are presented.

Keywords: linear objects , construction works, object schedules , single flow , work structuring, variant analysis

The main objects in the field of inspection and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures are the bearing elements of buildings and structures, however, a huge number of structures subject to the destructive effects of negative factors are reinforced concrete power transmission line poles and lighting poles. Due to the large margin of safety, often their damage is not critical and repair and restoration work is not carried out until the final loss of the bearing capacity of the structures. This state of affairs is a consequence of the significant labor intensity and cost of strengthening work, especially for power transmission towers located far from cities. Modern reinforcement methods based on the use of composite materials allow solving this problem without significant labor costs. These methods do not require laborious and time-consuming costs, which will allow you to quickly respond to the devastating consequences of negative factors that destroy power transmission line supports and lighting poles. This article discusses the existing methods for strengthening reinforced concrete supports of power transmission lines, identifies their shortcomings and proposes new methods based on the use of composite materials.

Keywords: concrete, reinforced concrete, reinforcement, carbon fiber, composite material, rebar, carbon fabric, supports

A study was made of aggregates used for the production of decorative concretes. Since slabs of these concretes are planned to be used for floors and platforms that are subject to high mechanical stress, aggregates must have the necessary properties. The resistance of crushed stone to impact on a copra, abrasion in a shelf drum and frost resistance were studied. For sands used as aggregates, such characteristics as granulometric composition, particle size modulus, stability of the stabilized mixture, etc. were determined. According to the results obtained, aggregate samples were determined that are most suitable for the production of decorative concrete, which are used for the installation of decorative floors and platforms.

Keywords: wear-resistant materials, decorative effect, size modulus, crushed sand, crushed stone

The article presents the results of computational studies that are part of the authors' comprehensive research on the development of a methodology for predicting the resistance of steel fiber concrete to thermal effects at NPP facilities with various parameters of dispersed reinforcement. The studies were carried out using selected models to describe the processes of thermal deformations and changes in the most important properties of steel fiber based on previously obtained experimental and calculated data on thermal changes of steel fiber on an optimized cement-sand matrix with five types of steel fiber with a volume content of 0.5% to 6% after heating at 110-1100 oC. Based on calculations in accordance with the accepted hypothesis and the selected models, the dependences of thermal changes in the properties of steel fiber concrete relative to matrix changes from the calculated changes in linear dimensions due to the formation of cracks in the fiber concrete are established. The dependences of thermal changes in the linear dimensions of steel fiber concrete due to the formation of cracks on the ratio of the calculated unreliaxed tensile structural stresses in the matrix to the tensile strength of the matrix are established. Based on the performed studies, a method for predicting thermal deformations, changes in mass, linear dimensions due to the formation of cracks, strength, water resistance of steel fiber concrete, based on thermal deformations and changes in the properties of the matrix, parameters of dispersed reinforcement is formulated.

Keywords: steel fiber concrete, prediction of resistance to thermal effects, cracking, thermal changes in linear dimensions and properties

Winter roads are winter roads that are temporary in nature and their construction takes place directly from the snow cover. Complex construction of roads with the use of optimizations created for temporary and economic efficiency, improving the quality of the final result, will increase the effectiveness of decisions made during the construction of winter roads. Improving the efficiency of detailed factors in the construction of winter roads, which affect the result of further work of calendar construction, will allow for faster delivery of materials, personnel and equipment to hard-to-reach objects, within the conditions of the Far North. Winter roads are the most profitable solutions in tundra conditions, since the method of using air transport to deliver materials, equipment and workers is economically unprofitable and less safe. Therefore, the timely construction of winter roads is so important for remote regions.

Keywords: highway, road, construction, winter construction, winter truck, "Polar elephant", road construction, seasonal construction, optimization, efficiency

The article examines the modern protection of the population of dual-use facilities, an analysis of it's effectiveness and further protects for the development of solving this problems. Yhe analysis was performed on the example of comparing the provision of the population with buried and other underground spaces in federal districts.

Keywords: protection of the population, infrastructure composition, types of protection, main activities, security of the population, garrison

The problems of modern monolithic construction, namely errors in the installation of sound insulation in monolithic construction, require special attention, since the increased level of noise and vibrations during the operation of premises affects the psychophysical state of a person. Modern enclosing structures are often used in standard solutions without the necessary additional sound insulation. Therefore, in order to develop and introduce effective measures to prevent existing defects in the premises, this paper lists the main factors affecting the high level of permissible noise in the premises. The practice of applied methods and solutions used to improve the sound insulation of individual structures is given. The technology of performing works on the device of sound and noise insulation in residential premises, with an indication of the maximum permissible noise level, is considered.

Keywords: sound insulation, shock noise, residential buildings, noise insulation, air noise, monolithic house, comfortable environment, noise, construction, materials

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the mutual influence of existing transport facilities and the newly erected underground part will be taken into account and the ways to minimize the geomechanical impact on each other will be determined. The subject of the study is the stress-strain state of the system ""structure - massif - structure"". The purpose of the study is to minimize the mutual influence of the subway, the railroad and the underground part of the designed building.

Keywords: geotechnical screen, mathematical modeling, FEM, underground structure, mutual influence, stress-strain state, subway station, minimization of influence

A short path for the development of block building in Europe in the 19th century is considered. Having limited ourselves to the concept of ""Multi-storey buildings"" within the quarterly buildings, we will analyze vivid examples of its use. Having analyzed both the urban planning aspects of such development, and the social problems and benefits caused by it, we can assess the rather high relevance of this type of development in our time, both as the development of new territories and rethinking of existing ones. But not without taking into account the problems that architects faced in the past, it is impossible to create a favorable environment for human life.

Keywords: urban planning, multi-storey construction, experimental buildings, alton west, Pripyat building, post-war construction, development of the idea of ​​a block, block building, social action of building, architecture of the 20th century, post-war

The transition of the construction industry to a higher level of competitiveness is due to the implementation and application of digital technologies. Traditional methods of processing incoming information are not effective for managing so much information that modern construction organizations produce. The article discusses the use of digital twins technology in the implementation of investment and construction projects. The purpose of this article is to identify the positive and negative aspects of the introduction of this technology in the activities of design and construction organizations. The main problems in the implementation of information technologies in construction organizations are analyzed. The main differences between information modeling technology and digital twins technology are presented. The advantages for the participants of investment and construction activities from the introduction of digital twins in the implementation of projects are given.

Keywords: BIM technology, digital twin, investment and construction project, digitalization

On the example of the construction complex of the cities of the Urals, the main types of construction defects of cast-in-situ structures of civil buildings, as well as the most characteristic causes of their occurrence, are revealed. It is established that the causes of the majority of construction defects in cast-in-situ structures of civil buildings have an organizational and technological nature. As a result of the expert assessment carried out by the method of a priori ranking of factors affecting organizational and technological solutions, a group of factors was determined, the management of which will allow the contractor to improve the quality of construction work on the construction of a cast-in-situ skeleton of a civil building. It is recommended to plan quality management measures for the construction of cast-in-situ structures of civil buildings taking into account these factors. These factors should also be taken into account in organizational and technological design, especially when developing processing slates.

Keywords: civil construction, cast-in-situ housing construction, construction defect, organizational and technological solutions, quality of construction products, quality management