It has been established that the concentration of cholesterol mesogenic esters in lubricants ambiguously affects the microrelief parameters and the tribotechnical characteristics of a steel 45 – steel 45 friction pair. %, the best indicators of friction and wear of metals, on the contrary, are realized with an increase in the concentration of cholesterol esters in lubricating compositions.

Keywords: lubricant, cholesteric liquid crystal, microrelief on friction surface, coefficient of friction

The paper describes the implementation of a fiber-optic single-channel vibration sensor built on the basis of two fiber Bragg gratings, a broadband source, a photodetector and a sound card of a computer used as an ADC

Keywords: vibration, fiber optic sensor, fiber Bragg grating, Fourier transform

For the first time, the decline in the power consumption of filament light-emitting diode lamps of different firms and power after their inclusion in the electric grid to the full stabilization of its values was investigated. These data are necessary for further clarification of the mechanism for the decrease in the light flux of LED lamps and the reduction in their energy efficiency that occur during the initial period of their operation.

Keywords: filament LED lamp, power consumption decline, luminous flux, energy efficiency, the mechanism of recession

The article describes a method for suppressing harmonic current distortion in a power line without direct measurement , to which a nonlinear load is connected, using a device, which not requiring a continuous current spectral analysis. The oscillograms of currents in the connection node of the device for suppressing higher harmonic currents, obtained as a result of simulation modeling of the operation of the power system with a nonlinear load and a Matlab / Simulink filter, are presented. A mathematical description of the proposed principle of suppressing the highest current harmonics is presented.

Keywords: suppression device, harmonic distortion, simulation, power line, impedance, electromagnetic interferencer

The aim of the article is to analyze the existing methods for constructing a model of random errors in micromechanical sensors. A comparison of different methods for determining the parameters of a random process model is presented: autocorrelation, power spectral density analysis, time domain analysis, and Allan variation analysis. This direction is also supplemented by considering the effect of sensor errors on the error of inertial navigation systems. In conclusion, the synthesis of forming filters for various random errors in micromechanical sensors and the results of simulation are given.

Keywords: mems gyroscope; noise analysis; stochastic drift; error modelling

When developing any technology of repair it is necessary to conduct research mikrolitrazhnyh worn parts of assemblies using metrological equipment. At the moment to improve the accuracy of research the repair company should use the latest measuring system, allowing to carry out a full complex of works on profileration surfaces of worn parts. Such devices include for example profilograph profilometer English company "Taylor Hobson", which allowed to determine the amount of allowance for machining the body of the power steering distributor. As a result, using the data obtained, the technology of repairing the power steering of KAMAZ vehicles was developed.

Keywords: metrological equipment, profilograph-profilometer, micrometer, power steering, repair technology, recovery, wear, distributor, shaft

The article provides an overview and analysis of the best available techniques (BAT) for reducing dust to the atmosphere from enterprises of various industries (mining, fuel industry, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, building, livestock production). Dust has the property to settle and adsorb, affects the state of the environment and human health. These factors determine the importance of introducing dust reduction technologies. Methods generated applicable and branch, as well as the main factors limiting the applicability of technologies. Recommendations proposed to improve the implementation of the best available techniques.

Keywords: atmospheric air, dust, best available technique, industry, dust removal equipment

Monitoring the condition of indoor objects is an important task of building management systems. To solve the problems of monitoring optimal use of wireless sensors. The purpose of the article is to consider wireless passive sensors that do not require a separate power source. A generalized block diagram of a system for monitoring the condition of objects inside the premises is presented. Two types of sensor data are given: on the basis of radio private identification and on the basis of surface acoustic waves. Their principle of action is revealed and the areas of application in smart home control systems are shown. It is revealed that modern technologies allow solving the problem of providing power to wireless sensors using an external electromagnetic signal.

Keywords: wireless passive sensor, RFID tag, temperature measurement, sensor based on surface acoustic waves

According to the methodology of the Research Center for Applied Electrodynamics KNRTU them. A.N. Tupolev (Kazan) has developed an economically viable local (point) microwave technology that allows regulating the physiological activity of growing baker's yeast within a few dozen percent of the nominal production level. The optimal processing parameters for EHF EHF baking yeast are experimentally determined. The features of the use of components of electromagnetic technology in the production of baking yeast are considered. A flow chart is presented that can be used in the process of microwave processing. A feasibility study of the proposed version of the introduction of microwave technology in the production of baking yeast, which showed the perspectivity of its application, was carried out. The proposed technology contributes at the same time to improving the environmental and technological efficiency of the biotechnological stages of food production.

Keywords: extremely high frequencies, EHF, microwave technologies, baking yeast, physiological activity, culture medium

According to the methodology of the Research Center for Applied Electrodynamics KNRTU them. A.N. Tupolev (Kazan) has developed an environmentally friendly and economically viable conveyor microwave technology for the decontamination of dry brewer's grains, which allows the storage capacity to be raised to the required production time. This provides the possibility of its further use for the needs of animal husbandry and contributes to the improvement of environmental and technological efficiency of both brewing and livestock production.

Keywords: extremely high frequencies, EHF, microwave technologies, beer pellet, decontamination

The proposed combined device for assessing the quality of motor oils. To increase the informativeness of the output data, the device uses an optical method for analyzing the contamination of motor oils and a method for assessing contamination from changes in the dielectric constant.

Keywords: lubricant, optoelectronic device, internal combustion engine, engine oil, pollution analysis method, optical control method, dielectric constant

Currently, one of the main problems of our time is to improve the ecology of the regions. Green areas can contribute to this, however, the southern region of Russia is caused by a dry summer period. In this regard, there is the task of ensuring high-quality irrigation, which is often carried out by automated systems. However, without feedback, it is extremely difficult to bring the process to the proper level of quality. To do this, use humidity sensors, the price of which inevitably leads to a strong appreciation of the system. This article discusses the possibility and feasibility of developing and implementing its own moisture sensor that would meet such positive criteria as low cost, high accuracy and wide range of measurements, high corrosion resistance, versatility of application.

Keywords: soil moisture sensor, automation, irrigation, capacitive measurement method, microcontroller, Southern Federal District

The paper presents an approach to the complex measurement of temperature, humidity and electric arc for shields of complete switchgears. Using a polyharmonic signal of a given shape allowed two sensors to be simultaneously polled. Temperature and humidity sensors are made in the form of fiber Bragg gratings with special spectral characteristics.

Keywords: Bragg fiber grating, sensor, humidity, temperature, electric arc, complete cabinet, power distribution system, optical fiber, lens, light

The method of calculation of tuning coefficients for adaptive control systems implemented with the help of software and hardware systems and installed programmatically at the time of commissioning is proposed. The described algorithm consists of five steps: at the first step, the settings of the selected controller are calculated according to the known transfer function of the control object; at the second step, the method of structural transformations is the equivalent transfer function of the object controlled by the second controller; at the third step on the received equivalent transfer function of the control object settings of the regulator are calculated using a given algorithm; at the fourth step the calibration calculation of the regulator settings on the transfer function of the equivalent object is carried out; at the fifth step the decision on the end of the calculation is made. It is concluded that the presence of a program for calculating the settings greatly facilitates the process of commissioning of software and hardware systems and can significantly improve the quality of adaptive control of large and many tonnage control objects.

Keywords: the method of calculation, the adjustment factor, adaptive management, object management, software and hardware, commissioning the work, the structure of the controller, a differential control action, transfer function, controller settings

The paper deals with the problem of measuring device micro consumption. A measuring module has been developed for solving this problem. The module is included in the measurement setup for which the measurement procedure is given. As a device under investigation, a metering device for hot and cold water is used. A technique has been developed for estimating the maximum operating time of a device with a pulsed current consumption.

Keywords: micro current consumption, measuring circuit, instrument amplifier, zero drift

In article the design of an integrated micromechanical accelerometer of capacitive type is considered. The method with use of operation of self-assembly, constructed on the basis of the operated self-organization of mechanically intense semiconductor layers of GaAs/InAs is considered. This design was designed also a promodelirovana in ANSYS CAD. Results of model operation meet requirements, shown to present microaccelerometers, and give the chance to use them for further perfecting of structures of the given type. It is possible to use the obtained data in particular for calculation of the recommended parameters when developing techniques of projection of accelerometers and gyroscopes and also for development of more precise models of microelectromechanical structures.

Keywords: MEMS, capacitive type, micromechanical accelerometer, design, sensor, sensor, mathematical model, GaAs/InAs

Detection and identification of features on television images is one of the important problems in technical vision systems. The effectiveness of the vision systems directly depends on the performance of the feature detection stage. An important step in image processing is the steady detection and identification of features of the image (landmarks) as the observation conditions change.

Keywords: image processing, technical vision, robust detector, detection efficiency

It is shown that the problem of simultaneous processing of dynamic information arrays of different degrees of structure and fuzziness is currently relevant. One of the prototypes of mathematical models containing such information structures is the problem of practical distribution of resources in the conditions of possible, difficult to formalize effects. In this problem there are two factor for the rational allocation of resources: network bandwidth to operating conditions and the preference of the routes of transmission resources on the network in terms of the alleged destructive effects. The high degree of uncertainty inherent in the process reduces the feasibility of resource-intensive distribution algorithms. At the same time, it is necessary to obtain a variety of alternative solutions with diversity in terms of resistance to possible impacts. Since, if all routes pass through one transit node, all of them will be equally exposed to the threats of impact inherent in this node, and when it fails, there will be no alternative routes, which will require re-search of routes for the transfer of resources. Fast heuristics, based, for example, on greedy approaches, can not provide the proper diversity, therefore, even with clear formulations of optimization problems, fall into local Optima. For this reason, it is advisable to Supplement the initial solution formation procedure with borrowed solutions from the previously considered problems. In order to improve the solutions obtained at the stage of formation of the starting population, and to ensure the diversity of the descendants of these solutions, describing the routes of resource transfer, an evolutionary algorithm for finding the set of the shortest time routes of resource transfer. The peculiarity of the process of solving the problem proposed algorithm is to maintain the diversity of the population of solutions to possible threats.

Keywords: intelligent algorithm, distribution, fuzzy space, adaptation, transport networks

This article discusses the process of developing an ultrasonic method of measuring the state of the electrolyte in the process of burning discharge with an electric electrode. The classical methods of electrical effects on the surface of steels, such as electrochemical, electro-erosion, electro-thermal and electro-mechanical have their drawbacks. Namely, high energy consumption, environmental pollution, the problem of recycling by-products, the difficulty of obtaining the required surface profile to a certain extent. In this regard, there is an acute issue of the development and research of new energy-saving, environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods of impact on the surface. At the moment there are no systematic experimental studies of discharge in multiphase media. Not the conditions for the ignition of the discharge with an electrolytic cathode. Not studied physical processes on the boundary of the plasma and the liquid. There is no mechanism of the effect of discharge in the vapor-gas bubble on the surface of metals. All the above reasons delay the development of technology of plasma-electrolyte formation of the surface microrelief. The aim of the work is to measure and optimize the ultrasonic signal and calculate the frequency spectrum of reflected ultrasonic vibrations from a large number of reflectors (electrolyte bubbles), as well as the development of mathematical modeling of the process of reflection of ultrasound from the electrolyte bubbles.

Keywords: Ultrasound; technique; electrolyte; combustion; measurement

This article describes the combined method of plasma-electrolyte processing and subsequent ultrasound imaging of medical needles created from steel grade 12H18N9T. A functional diagram of an installation for medical needles plasma-electrolyte treatment is presented. A device for ultrasound diagnostics of microrelief in the obtained material is described. The actual task of ultrasound medical research is the quality of the processed tip. One of the ways to obtain deformation at the end of the needle is the electrolyte-plasma discharge method at the anode of a given material. In the course of the study, previously obtained results were confirmed, indicating that the plasma electrolyte process was caused by a fivefold or more excess of the cathode area relative to the anode area Sк≥5Sа. A study was conducted of plasma-electrolytic processing of steel grade 12H18N9T using anodic electrolyte. It is shown that in the plasma formation area occurrence around the anode, the current-voltage characteristic is practically independent of the electrolyte concentration. The patterns of formation of the depth of the hole at the end of the needle, determined by the process of melting the surface layer of the anode, which requires a uniform input of heat over a unit of time. The depth of the well and the wavelength of ultrasound are shown. It is necessary to apply roughness (holes) with a size of 10-1000 microns at different angles relative to the axis of the tube with a tip. On the research basis, a unique device «KLYON-1» was created, which performs the material processing and its control by means of ultrasonic radiation.

Keywords: ultrasound, plasma, electrolyte, visualization, microrelief, needle, well

The ecological state of the Miussky estuary – the most important water object from the point of view of reproduction and cultivation of the fish which is territorially located in an ancient mouth of the channel of the river Mius and connected with Taganrog Bay of the Azov sea is considered. The uniqueness of the water body lies in the fact that the natural waters of The Mius estuary make up the flow of the river Mius mixed with the sea waters of the Taganrog Bay, especially during periods of strong upland phenomena caused by weather conditions. The data of hydrochemical monitoring for 2016-2018 are used for the assessment, the dynamics of water quality changes according to the UKIZV index is considered and the component-by-component analysis of the concentrations of indicators that have the greatest impact on the negative ecological state of the water body is carried out.

Keywords: MPC, Miusskaya estuary, water quality, UKIZV, aluminum, Fe, petroleum products (PP)

The rotor shaft of the turbocharger is the part that determines the life of the bearing unit. Various methods of restoring the working capacity of the rotor shaft have been developed. The most common of them-treatment for repair size and applying a layer of metal coating in various ways. After that, the rotor shaft is subjected to dynamic balancing, in order to ensure the minimum allowable imbalance. Stands on the basis of microprocessor-based two-plane balancing device PB-02M are widely used in the repair industry at the present time. The article deals with the process of dynamic balancing of restored rotors. The features of this process in relation to the conditions of repair production are noted. This is a large range of repaired units and the instability of the size of the bearing surfaces after the restoration. It is necessary to adjust the balancing device for each rotor. The case in which the initial rotor imbalance is much higher than the permissible one is also considered. It is necessary to carry out balancing in several stages. Pre-balancing - this is the first stage. Then the final balancing is made to the permissible imbalance value. The article presents a general algorithm for balancing rotors on balancing stands equipped with a measuring system based on the device PB-02M. The presented approach in the application of the measurement system allows to balance the parts with the required accuracy. This will ensure a high post-repair life of the repaired unit and the whole unit.

Keywords: turbocharger, rotor, repair, restoration, machine, balancing, adjustment, unbalance, device, algorithm

The problem of control of strength characteristics of agricultural machine parts by dynamic non-destructive methods of impact indentation of conical shape is considered. The quality of the most important parts is considered in terms of the set of mechanical characteristics that determine the strength, hardness, wear resistance and deformability. These characteristics should be known and be able to quickly and accurately control all parts both during production and during operation. The mechanical properties of metals are stochastic. For this purpose, a device for impact indentation was developed and a method based on the probabilistic laws of dispersion of mechanical characteristics was developed.

Keywords: agricultural machines, reliability, quality control, mechanical characteristics, Weibull law, non-destructive testing, impact indentation