Ensuring environmental safety of residential areas of settlements based on monitoring of aerosol particles
Abstract
Ensuring environmental safety of residential areas of settlements based on monitoring of aerosol particles
Incoming article date: 01.06.2021The quality of atmospheric air in residential areas of settlements and human health largely depends on the main indicators of aerosol particles. The purpose of this work was to study aerosol parameters (number and mass fraction of particles; surface density of particles) and specific pollution of the territory of the settlement of Sredny Akhtuba, Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region under conditions of anthropogenic load of construction industry enterprises in 2018. Research objectives: selection of leaves of apricot trees with expected dust-like particles in Srednyaya Akhtuba and in a conditionally clean zone (gardening non-profit partnership (SNT) "Oroshenets", "Shelf"); preparation of aerosol suspensions; study of the mass fraction of particles D (dp),%; the number of particles (Np,%); the index of the surface density of aerosol particles (m0, μg · cm − 2) in the green infrastructure; calculation of the specific area of the total pollution of the territory of the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn by particles, including fine dust (PM2.5; PM10). The conducted studies allow us to conclude that the specific area of aerosol pollution in the territory of the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn is 3 times higher than in the conditionally clean zone. The surface density of particles (РМ2.5) on the territory of the Srednyaya Akhtuba rn is 108 higher than the values in comparison with the conditionally clean zone (SNT "Oroshenets", "Shelf"); PM2.5-10 - 28 times; coarse dust (PM> 10) - 2 times more in the Srednyaya Akhtuba region than in the conditionally clean zone. The number of PM2.5 particles in the average Akhtuba rn is not much higher than the value of the conditionally clean zone - only 1.76 times; the excess in the number of particles (PM2.5-10) is only 1.19 times, i.e. practically, the studied indicators are at the same level; coarsely dispersed dust (PM> 10) - 4 times more in SNT than in the middle Akhtuba region. It is alarming that the number of fine particles in both zones does not differ much from each other and are practically at the same level, especially according to PM10, but their mass fractions and conditional masses differ noticeably, since in the middle Akhtuba they are heavier in weight, 108 times ... This may indicate that in fine particles from the rn Srednyaya Akhtuba compounds of metals and / or semimetals with significant atomic weight can be present, which requires further research and interpretation of the results obtained. A high amount of dust-like particles in a conditionally clean zone - SNT “Oroshenets”, “Shelf”, indicates that this zone is “conditional” due to probable natural pollution, expressed by possible fluid activity of the Earth and removal of particles from its interior , gases and other pollutants that enter the atmospheric air of SNT. In this regard, in terms of the amount of fine dust, SNT is on the same level with the rn Srednyaya Akhtuba. The studied territories are of interest for further research and refinement of the results obtained, including the search for a possible source of natural pollution in both territories to ensure the environmental safety of the population living there and reduce environmental risks.
Keywords: dispersion, aerosols; surface density of particles; PM2.5; PM10; green infrastructure; natural pollution